मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-8, verse-18
नातः परतरं धर्मं वदन्ति पुरुषस्य तु ।
यादृशं पुरुषव्याघ्र स्वसत्यपरिपालनम् ॥१८॥
यादृशं पुरुषव्याघ्र स्वसत्यपरिपालनम् ॥१८॥
18. nātaḥ parataraṃ dharmaṃ vadanti puruṣasya tu .
yādṛśaṃ puruṣavyāghra svasatyaparipālanam.
yādṛśaṃ puruṣavyāghra svasatyaparipālanam.
18.
na ataḥ parataram dharmam vadanti puruṣasya
tu yādṛśam puruṣavyāghra svasatyaparipālanam
tu yādṛśam puruṣavyāghra svasatyaparipālanam
18.
O tiger among men, they declare that for a person, there is no greater natural law (dharma) than upholding one's own truth (satya).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- अतः (ataḥ) - than this (than this, from this, therefore)
- परतरम् (parataram) - higher (natural law) (higher, superior, greater)
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution)
- वदन्ति (vadanti) - they declare (they say, they declare)
- पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - for a person (of a person, for a person)
- तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)
- यादृशम् (yādṛśam) - such as (such as, of what kind, like)
- पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men! (O tiger among men!, O best of men!)
- स्वसत्यपरिपालनम् (svasatyaparipālanam) - the upholding of one's own truth (satya) (the upholding of one's own truth/vow)
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
अतः (ataḥ) - than this (than this, from this, therefore)
(indeclinable)
From pronominal base id.
परतरम् (parataram) - higher (natural law) (higher, superior, greater)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of paratara
paratara - higher, superior, beyond, more excellent
Comparative degree of para (other, supreme).
Note: Qualifies dharmam.
धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom
From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Object of vadanti.
वदन्ति (vadanti) - they declare (they say, they declare)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vad
present tense, 3rd person plural
Root: vad (class 1)
पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - for a person (of a person, for a person)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa
puruṣa - man, person, human being, spirit, the supreme cosmic person
Note: Indicates relation, here 'for'.
तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
यादृशम् (yādṛśam) - such as (such as, of what kind, like)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of yādṛśa
yādṛśa - of which kind, such as, as
Derived from yad (what, which) + dṛś (to see).
Note: Functions adverbially or as a predicate.
पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men! (O tiger among men!, O best of men!)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra
puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, best of men, excellent man
Compound noun, upamita (simile) samāsa.
Compound type : upamita tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)
- puruṣa – man, person, human being
noun (masculine) - vyāghra – tiger
noun (masculine)
Derived from vi-ā-ghrā.
Prefixes: vi+ā
Root: ghrā (class 1)
Note: Address to the king.
स्वसत्यपरिपालनम् (svasatyaparipālanam) - the upholding of one's own truth (satya) (the upholding of one's own truth/vow)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of svasatyaparipālana
svasatyaparipālana - the protection of one's own truth, adherence to one's own vow
Compound noun.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svasatya+paripālana)
- svasatya – one's own truth, personal vow
noun (neuter)
Compound (sva + satya). - paripālana – protecting, preserving, cherishing, upholding
noun (neuter)
verbal noun
From pari-pāl (to protect, uphold).
Prefix: pari
Root: pāl (class 10)
Note: Predicate of the sentence, equated with dharmam.