मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-8, verse-20
सत्यमत्यन्तमुदितं धर्मशास्त्रेषु धीमताम् ।
तारणायानृतं तद्वत् पातनायाकृतात्मनाम् ॥२०॥
तारणायानृतं तद्वत् पातनायाकृतात्मनाम् ॥२०॥
20. satyamatyantamuditaṃ dharmaśāstreṣu dhīmatām .
tāraṇāyānṛtaṃ tadvat pātanāyākṛtātmanām.
tāraṇāyānṛtaṃ tadvat pātanāyākṛtātmanām.
20.
satyam atyantam uditam dharmaśāstreṣu dhīmatām
tāraṇāya anṛtam tadvat pātanāya akṛtātmanām
tāraṇāya anṛtam tadvat pātanāya akṛtātmanām
20.
Truth (satya) is extensively declared in the scriptures concerning natural law (dharmaśāstra) by the wise as a means for liberation. Similarly, untruth (anṛta) leads to the downfall of those whose inner self (ātman) is uncultivated.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality
- अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - exceedingly, very much, extremely
- उदितम् (uditam) - declared, enunciated (declared, spoken, arisen)
- धर्मशास्त्रेषु (dharmaśāstreṣu) - in the treatises on natural law (dharmaśāstra) (in the dharma scriptures, in law books)
- धीमताम् (dhīmatām) - of the wise, of the intelligent
- तारणाय (tāraṇāya) - for liberation, as a means to cross over (the ocean of saṃsāra) (for crossing over, for saving, for deliverance)
- अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood
- तद्वत् (tadvat) - similarly, likewise, like that
- पातनाय (pātanāya) - for the downfall (for causing to fall, for ruin, for destruction, for downfall)
- अकृतात्मनाम् (akṛtātmanām) - of those whose inner self (ātman) is uncultivated (of those whose self is unformed/undeveloped/ignorant, of the ignorant)
Words meanings and morphology
सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of satya
satya - truth, reality, existing, true
From sat (being).
Root: as (class 2)
Note: Subject.
अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - exceedingly, very much, extremely
(indeclinable)
Compound of ati (over, beyond) and anta (end).
Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+anta)
- ati – over, beyond, exceeding, very
indeclinable
Prefix/adverb. - anta – end, boundary, limit
noun (masculine)
Note: Adverb modifying `uditam`.
उदितम् (uditam) - declared, enunciated (declared, spoken, arisen)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of udita
udita - spoken, uttered, declared; arisen; appeared
Past Passive Participle
From ud + root vad (to speak) or ud + root i (to go). Here 'spoken, declared' fits context better.
Prefix: ud
Root: vad (class 1)
Note: Agrees with `satyam`.
धर्मशास्त्रेषु (dharmaśāstreṣu) - in the treatises on natural law (dharmaśāstra) (in the dharma scriptures, in law books)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, plural of dharmaśāstra
dharmaśāstra - a scripture or treatise on dharma (natural law, righteousness, duty); law book
Compound of dharma and śāstra.
Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+śāstra)
- dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue (dharma)
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1) - śāstra – scripture, treatise, rule, science
noun (neuter)
From root śās (to instruct).
Root: śās (class 2)
धीमताम् (dhīmatām) - of the wise, of the intelligent
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of dhīmat
dhīmat - intelligent, wise, discerning
Possessive suffix -mat added to dhī (intellect).
Note: Implies 'by the wise' (agent of the PP `uditam`).
तारणाय (tāraṇāya) - for liberation, as a means to cross over (the ocean of saṃsāra) (for crossing over, for saving, for deliverance)
(noun)
Dative, neuter, singular of tāraṇa
tāraṇa - crossing, conveying over, saving, delivering, liberation
From root tṛ (to cross).
Root: tṛ (class 1)
अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of anṛta
anṛta - untruth, falsehood, false
Compound of a (negation) and ṛta (truth, order).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ṛta)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - ṛta – truth, cosmic order, right
noun (neuter)
Note: Subject of the second implied clause.
तद्वत् (tadvat) - similarly, likewise, like that
(indeclinable)
From tad (that) with suffix -vat (like).
Note: Adverb.
पातनाय (pātanāya) - for the downfall (for causing to fall, for ruin, for destruction, for downfall)
(noun)
Dative, neuter, singular of pātana
pātana - causing to fall, throwing down, downfall, ruin, destruction
From causative of root pat (to fall).
Root: pat (class 1)
अकृतात्मनाम् (akṛtātmanām) - of those whose inner self (ātman) is uncultivated (of those whose self is unformed/undeveloped/ignorant, of the ignorant)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of akṛtātman
akṛtātman - one whose self is undeveloped, uncultivated, ignorant, spiritually unformed
Bahuvrihi compound: 'one whose ātman (self) is akṛta (undone, unmade, uncultivated)'.
Compound type : bahuvrihi (akṛta+ātman)
- akṛta – undone, unmade, uncultivated, unfinished
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From a (negation) and kṛta (done, made, cultivated).
Prefix: a
Root: kṛ (class 8) - ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual essence (ātman)
noun (masculine)
Root: an (class 2)