मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-8, verse-32
हा कष्टं किं तवानेन कृतं देव महीक्षिता ।
यदिन्द्रोपेन्द्रतुल्योऽयं नीतः प्रस्वापनीं दशाम् ॥३२॥
यदिन्द्रोपेन्द्रतुल्योऽयं नीतः प्रस्वापनीं दशाम् ॥३२॥
32. hā kaṣṭaṃ kiṃ tavānena kṛtaṃ deva mahīkṣitā .
yadindropendratulyo'yaṃ nītaḥ prasvāpanīṃ daśām.
yadindropendratulyo'yaṃ nītaḥ prasvāpanīṃ daśām.
32.
hā kaṣṭam kim tava anena kṛtam deva mahiikṣitā yadi
indropendratulyaḥ ayam nītaḥ prasvāpanīm daśām
indropendratulyaḥ ayam nītaḥ prasvāpanīm daśām
32.
Alas, O God! What offense has been committed against You by this king (mahiikṣitā), that this one, who is equal to Indra and Upendra, has been brought to the state of eternal sleep (death)?
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- हा (hā) - alas, oh
- कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - woe, misery, suffering
- किम् (kim) - what, what kind of (offense)
- तव (tava) - to the deity addressed (to you, your)
- अनेन (anena) - by this
- कृतम् (kṛtam) - committed (an offense) (done, performed)
- देव (deva) - O God, O divine one
- महिइक्षिता (mahiikṣitā) - by the dead king Jalandhara (by the king)
- यदि (yadi) - that (introducing the consequence) (if, since, that)
- इन्द्रोपेन्द्रतुल्यः (indropendratulyaḥ) - equal to Indra and Upendra
- अयम् (ayam) - the dead king Jalandhara (this one, he)
- नीतः (nītaḥ) - led, brought
- प्रस्वापनीम् (prasvāpanīm) - leading to eternal sleep (death) (leading to sleep, causing sleep)
- दशाम् (daśām) - state of death (state, condition)
Words meanings and morphology
हा (hā) - alas, oh
(indeclinable)
Note: Interjection expressing sorrow.
कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - woe, misery, suffering
(noun)
neuter, singular of kaṣṭa
kaṣṭa - misery, suffering, difficulty
Note: Nominative/accusative singular.
किम् (kim) - what, what kind of (offense)
(pronoun)
neuter, singular of kim
kim - what, which
Note: Neuter singular nominative/accusative, modifying the implied 'offense' or 'karma'.
तव (tava) - to the deity addressed (to you, your)
(pronoun)
singular of tvam
tvam - you
Note: Second person singular genitive or dative, referring to the deity addressed.
अनेन (anena) - by this
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this
Note: Instrumental singular, masculine, acting as an adjective for 'mahiikṣitā'.
कृतम् (kṛtam) - committed (an offense) (done, performed)
(adjective)
neuter, singular of kṛta
kṛta - done, made, performed
Past Passive Participle
From root kṛ (to do)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Past Passive Participle, neuter singular nominative/accusative.
देव (deva) - O God, O divine one
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of deva
deva - god, deity, divine
Note: Vocative singular.
महिइक्षिता (mahiikṣitā) - by the dead king Jalandhara (by the king)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahiikṣit
mahiikṣit - king, ruler
Derived from mahi (earth) and kṣi (to rule)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahi+kṣit)
- mahi – earth
noun (feminine) - kṣit – ruler, dweller
noun (masculine)
From root kṣi
Root: kṣi (class 1)
Note: Instrumental singular of 'mahiikṣit', acting as the agent of 'kṛtam'.
यदि (yadi) - that (introducing the consequence) (if, since, that)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connective particle.
इन्द्रोपेन्द्रतुल्यः (indropendratulyaḥ) - equal to Indra and Upendra
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of indropendratulya
indropendratulya - equal to Indra and Upendra
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (indra+upendra+tulya)
- indra – king of gods
proper noun (masculine) - upendra – Vishnu, younger brother of Indra
proper noun (masculine)
younger brother of Indra, an epithet of Vishnu - tulya – equal, similar
adjective (masculine)
Note: Nominative singular, masculine, agreeing with 'ayam'.
अयम् (ayam) - the dead king Jalandhara (this one, he)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this
Note: Nominative singular, masculine, referring to the dead husband.
नीतः (nītaḥ) - led, brought
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nīta
nīta - led, carried, brought
Past Passive Participle
From root nī (to lead)
Root: nī (class 1)
Note: Past Passive Participle.
प्रस्वापनीम् (prasvāpanīm) - leading to eternal sleep (death) (leading to sleep, causing sleep)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of prasvāpanī
prasvāpanī - leading to sleep, inducing sleep
From pra-svap (to sleep)
Prefix: pra
Root: svap (class 2)
Note: Accusative singular, feminine, agreeing with 'daśām'.
दशाम् (daśām) - state of death (state, condition)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of daśā
daśā - state, condition, period of life
Note: Accusative singular of 'daśā'.