मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-8, verse-200
धिक् त्वां दैवातिकरुणां निर्मर्यादं जुगुप्सितम् ।
येनायममरप्रख्यो नीतो राजा श्वपाकताम् ॥२००॥
येनायममरप्रख्यो नीतो राजा श्वपाकताम् ॥२००॥
200. dhik tvāṃ daivātikaruṇāṃ nirmaryādaṃ jugupsitam .
yenāyamamaraprakhyo nīto rājā śvapākatām.
yenāyamamaraprakhyo nīto rājā śvapākatām.
200.
dhik tvām daivātikarunām nirmaryādam jugupsitam
yena ayam amaraprakhyaḥ nītaḥ rājā śvapakātām
yena ayam amaraprakhyaḥ nītaḥ rājā śvapakātām
200.
Fie upon you, fate, so excessively harsh, unrestrained, and detestable! It is by you that this king, illustrious like a god, has been reduced to the status of an outcaste.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- धिक् (dhik) - fie, shame on, curse, woe
- त्वाम् (tvām) - referring to destiny or fate (you)
- दैवातिकरुनाम् (daivātikarunām) - (referring to destiny) characterized by excessive harshness or pitilessness (excessively cruel (due to fate), fatefully pitiless, fatefully wretched)
- निर्मर्यादम् (nirmaryādam) - (referring to destiny) acting without moral limits or rules (without boundaries, lawless, unrestrained, immoral)
- जुगुप्सितम् (jugupsitam) - (referring to destiny) deserving of strong aversion and condemnation (detested, loathed, despicable, blameworthy)
- येन (yena) - by which (referring to the cursed destiny) (by which, by whom)
- अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to the king) (this)
- अमरप्रख्यः (amaraprakhyaḥ) - the king, who was radiant and dignified like a god (god-like, illustrious, resembling gods)
- नीतः (nītaḥ) - brought or reduced to a certain state (led, brought, reduced)
- राजा (rājā) - the king (Harischandra, though not specified in verse) (king, ruler)
- श्वपकाताम् (śvapakātām) - to the lowest possible social and economic status, that of a caṇḍāla (dog-eater) (to the state of a dog-eater, to the status of an outcaste)
Words meanings and morphology
धिक् (dhik) - fie, shame on, curse, woe
(indeclinable)
त्वाम् (tvām) - referring to destiny or fate (you)
(pronoun)
Accusative, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you (pronoun)
दैवातिकरुनाम् (daivātikarunām) - (referring to destiny) characterized by excessive harshness or pitilessness (excessively cruel (due to fate), fatefully pitiless, fatefully wretched)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of daivātikarunā
daivātikarunā - excessively cruel, fatefully pitiless, fatefully wretched (a combination of daiva and atikaruṇā)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (daiva+atikaruṇā)
- daiva – divine, fate, destiny, relating to gods
adjective (neuter)
Derived from deva (god) - atikaruṇā – excessive compassion, excessive pity, excessively harsh, extremely cruel
adjective (feminine)
Compound of ati (excessive) and karuṇā (compassion, pity). Can mean excessively compassionate in a negative sense, or excessively cruel.
Note: Agrees with `tvām` (accusative singular). The gender here, feminine, may imply a personified feminine aspect of destiny, or be a grammatical flexibility with `tvām`.
निर्मर्यादम् (nirmaryādam) - (referring to destiny) acting without moral limits or rules (without boundaries, lawless, unrestrained, immoral)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of nirmaryāda
nirmaryāda - without boundaries, lawless, unrestrained, immoral
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+maryāda)
- nis – out, forth, without, negation
indeclinable - maryāda – boundary, limit, moral rule, propriety
noun (feminine)
Note: Agrees with `tvām` (accusative singular).
जुगुप्सितम् (jugupsitam) - (referring to destiny) deserving of strong aversion and condemnation (detested, loathed, despicable, blameworthy)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of jugupsita
jugupsita - detested, loathed, despicable, blameworthy
Past Passive Participle
From desiderative stem of root `gup` (to protect), `jugupsa` (to wish to hide, to detest) + `kta` suffix.
Root: gup (class 1)
Note: Agrees with `tvām` (accusative singular).
येन (yena) - by which (referring to the cursed destiny) (by which, by whom)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, what, who
Note: Refers back to the 'destiny' (`tvām`) mentioned.
अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to the king) (this)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this, this one
Note: Refers to the king (`rājā`).
अमरप्रख्यः (amaraprakhyaḥ) - the king, who was radiant and dignified like a god (god-like, illustrious, resembling gods)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of amaraprakhya
amaraprakhya - resembling gods, god-like
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (amara+prakhya)
- amara – immortal, god
noun (masculine)
Compound of a- (not) and mara (mortal) - prakhya – appearance, semblance, like, resembling
adjective (masculine)
From pra-khyā (to appear, to be seen)
Prefix: pra
Root: khyā (class 2)
Note: Agrees with `ayam` and `rājā`.
नीतः (nītaḥ) - brought or reduced to a certain state (led, brought, reduced)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nīta
nīta - led, brought, conducted
Past Passive Participle
From root `nī` (to lead) + `kta` suffix.
Root: nī (class 1)
Note: Agrees with `ayam` and `rājā`.
राजा (rājā) - the king (Harischandra, though not specified in verse) (king, ruler)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler, sovereign
Note: Subject of the sentence.
श्वपकाताम् (śvapakātām) - to the lowest possible social and economic status, that of a caṇḍāla (dog-eater) (to the state of a dog-eater, to the status of an outcaste)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of śvapakātā
śvapakātā - state/condition of a dog-eater (caṇḍāla)
Derived from `śvapakā` (feminine of `śvapāka`) + `tā` (abstract noun suffix). `śvapāka` (dog-eater, outcaste).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śvapāka+tā)
- śvapāka – dog-eater, outcaste, caṇḍāla
noun (masculine)
Compound of śvan (dog) and pac (to cook, eat) - tā – state, condition, abstract suffix
suffix (feminine)
Feminine suffix forming abstract nouns.
Note: Denotes the state to which the king was brought.