मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-8, verse-51
राक्षसो वातिकठिनस्ततः पापतरोऽपि वा ।
विक्रेतुं दयितां प्राप्तो यो न प्राणांस्त्यजाम्यहम् ॥५१॥
विक्रेतुं दयितां प्राप्तो यो न प्राणांस्त्यजाम्यहम् ॥५१॥
51. rākṣaso vātikaṭhinastataḥ pāpataro'pi vā .
vikretuṃ dayitāṃ prāpto yo na prāṇāṃstyajāmyaham.
vikretuṃ dayitāṃ prāpto yo na prāṇāṃstyajāmyaham.
51.
rākṣasaḥ vā ati-kaṭhinaḥ tataḥ pāpataraḥ api vā
vikretum dayitām prāptaḥ yaḥ na prāṇān tyajāmi aham
vikretum dayitām prāptaḥ yaḥ na prāṇān tyajāmi aham
51.
Why do I not give up my life (prāṇa) when such a person has arrived to sell my beloved wife—whether he is a demon, or extremely cruel, or even more sinful than that?
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - a malevolent being with cruel intentions (demon, a type of evil being)
- वा (vā) - or
- अति-कठिनः (ati-kaṭhinaḥ) - extremely harsh and severe in character (very cruel, exceedingly harsh)
- ततः (tataḥ) - than that (one, referring to the previous options of 'demon' or 'cruel') (from that, thence, then, therefore)
- पापतरः (pāpataraḥ) - even more prone to evil deeds (more sinful, more evil)
- अपि (api) - emphasizing the 'even more sinful' aspect (even, also, too)
- वा (vā) - or
- विक्रेतुम् (vikretum) - to sell (her) (to sell, for selling)
- दयिताम् (dayitām) - my beloved wife (beloved, dear one)
- प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - the one who has arrived (to sell) (obtained, reached, arrived, come)
- यः (yaḥ) - the one who (refers to 'prāptaḥ') (who, which)
- न (na) - not, no
- प्राणान् (prāṇān) - my vital breaths, my life (prāṇa) (lives, breaths, vital airs)
- त्यजामि (tyajāmi) - I give up (my life) (I abandon, I give up, I renounce)
- अहम् (aham) - I
Words meanings and morphology
राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - a malevolent being with cruel intentions (demon, a type of evil being)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa
rākṣasa - demon, evil being, protector (less common)
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
अति-कठिनः (ati-kaṭhinaḥ) - extremely harsh and severe in character (very cruel, exceedingly harsh)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ati-kaṭhina
ati-kaṭhina - very harsh, exceedingly cruel
Compound type : Pradi-samāsa (ati+kaṭhina)
- ati – over, beyond, exceedingly
indeclinable
prefix/preposition - kaṭhina – hard, cruel, severe, harsh
adjective (masculine)
ततः (tataḥ) - than that (one, referring to the previous options of 'demon' or 'cruel') (from that, thence, then, therefore)
(indeclinable)
ablative of 'tad'
पापतरः (pāpataraḥ) - even more prone to evil deeds (more sinful, more evil)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpatara
pāpatara - more sinful, more evil, worse
comparative suffix '-tara' added to 'pāpa'
अपि (api) - emphasizing the 'even more sinful' aspect (even, also, too)
(indeclinable)
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
विक्रेतुम् (vikretum) - to sell (her) (to sell, for selling)
(indeclinable)
infinitive
infinitive form of verb 'vi-krī'
Prefix: vi
Root: krī (class 9)
दयिताम् (dayitām) - my beloved wife (beloved, dear one)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of dayitā
dayitā - beloved, dear one, wife, mistress
Past Passive Participle (secondary noun usage)
Derived from root 'day' (to pity, to love)
Root: day (class 1)
प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - the one who has arrived (to sell) (obtained, reached, arrived, come)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta
prāpta - obtained, reached, acquired, arrived
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'āp' with prefix 'pra'
Prefix: pra
Root: āp (class 5)
Note: Used here as a substantive referring to the person who arrived.
यः (yaḥ) - the one who (refers to 'prāptaḥ') (who, which)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what, that
relative pronoun
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
प्राणान् (prāṇān) - my vital breaths, my life (prāṇa) (lives, breaths, vital airs)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa
prāṇa - breath, vital air, life, spirit
Prefix: pra
Root: an (class 2)
त्यजामि (tyajāmi) - I give up (my life) (I abandon, I give up, I renounce)
(verb)
1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tyaj
Root: tyaj (class 1)
अहम् (aham) - I
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of asmad
asmad - I, we
first person pronoun