मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-61
द्वितीयमेके प्रजनं मन्यन्ते स्त्रीषु तद्विदः ।
अनिर्वृतं नियोगार्थं पश्यन्तो धर्मतस्तयोः ॥६१॥
अनिर्वृतं नियोगार्थं पश्यन्तो धर्मतस्तयोः ॥६१॥
61. dvitīyameke prajanaṁ manyante strīṣu tadvidaḥ ,
anirvṛtaṁ niyogārthaṁ paśyanto dharmatastayoḥ.
anirvṛtaṁ niyogārthaṁ paśyanto dharmatastayoḥ.
61.
dvitīyam eke prajanam manyante strīṣu tadvidaḥ
anirvṛtam niyogārtham paśyantaḥ dharmataḥ tayoḥ
anirvṛtam niyogārtham paśyantaḥ dharmataḥ tayoḥ
61.
eke tadvidaḥ strīṣu dvitīyam prajanam manyante
tayoḥ niyogārtham dharmataḥ anirvṛtam paśyantaḥ
tayoḥ niyogārtham dharmataḥ anirvṛtam paśyantaḥ
61.
Some experts (tadvidaḥ) permit a second procreation (prajanam) through women, observing that the purpose of the (niyoga) tradition for the couple remains unfulfilled according to natural law (dharma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - a second (procreation) (second, a second one)
- एके (eke) - some (experts) (some, certain ones)
- प्रजनम् (prajanam) - procreation (procreation, begetting, offspring)
- मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they permit / they consider (valid) (they think, they consider, they believe)
- स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - in relation to women (in women, among women)
- तद्विदः (tadvidaḥ) - those who understand this (referring to niyoga principles) (those who know that, experts in that)
- अनिर्वृतम् (anirvṛtam) - unfulfilled (unfulfilled, incomplete, not accomplished)
- नियोगार्थम् (niyogārtham) - the purpose of the (niyoga) tradition (purpose of appointment, object of appointment)
- पश्यन्तः (paśyantaḥ) - observing / considering (seeing, observing, perceiving)
- धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - according to natural law (dharma) (according to dharma, according to righteousness, by law)
- तयोः (tayoḥ) - for the couple (the deceased husband and his widow/lineage) (of those two, for those two)
Words meanings and morphology
द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - a second (procreation) (second, a second one)
(numeral)
Note: Agrees with prajanam.
एके (eke) - some (experts) (some, certain ones)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of eka
eka - one, single, unique, alone, some
Note: Refers to some authorities or knowledgeable persons.
प्रजनम् (prajanam) - procreation (procreation, begetting, offspring)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of prajana
prajana - procreation, begetting, bringing forth, offspring
From prefix pra + root jan (to be born).
Prefix: pra
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Object of manyante.
मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they permit / they consider (valid) (they think, they consider, they believe)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of man
Root: man (class 4)
स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - in relation to women (in women, among women)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, plural of strī
strī - woman, wife, female
Note: Refers to the context of procreation through women.
तद्विदः (tadvidaḥ) - those who understand this (referring to niyoga principles) (those who know that, experts in that)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tadvid
tadvid - knowing that, conversant with that, expert, learned
Compound: tad (that) + vid (knowing).
Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+vid)
- tad – that, such, referring to a preceding idea
pronoun (neuter) - vid – knowing, understanding, wise
adjective (masculine)
Kṛt suffix (kvip)
From root vid (to know).
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Refers to authorities or knowledgeable persons.
अनिर्वृतम् (anirvṛtam) - unfulfilled (unfulfilled, incomplete, not accomplished)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of anirvṛta
anirvṛta - unaccomplished, unfulfilled, not completed, ungratified
Past Passive Participle (negated)
Compound: a (negation) + nirvṛta (completed, fulfilled). Derived from prefix nir + root vṛ (to cover, encompass).
Compound type : tatpurusha (a+nirvṛta)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - nirvṛta – completed, fulfilled, finished, content
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From prefix nir + root vṛ (to cover, encompass) + kta suffix.
Prefix: nir
Root: vṛ (class 5)
Note: Agrees with niyogārtham.
नियोगार्थम् (niyogārtham) - the purpose of the (niyoga) tradition (purpose of appointment, object of appointment)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of niyogārtha
niyogārtha - purpose of an appointment/commission, object of injunction
Compound: niyoga (appointment, injunction) + artha (purpose, object).
Compound type : tatpurusha (niyoga+artha)
- niyoga – appointment, injunction, command, a specific traditional practice (levirate)
noun (masculine)
From prefix ni + root yuj (to join).
Prefix: ni
Root: yuj (class 7) - artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth, cause
noun (masculine)
Note: Object of paśyantaḥ.
पश्यन्तः (paśyantaḥ) - observing / considering (seeing, observing, perceiving)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of paśyat
paśyat - seeing, looking, perceiving, observing
Present Active Participle
From root dṛś (to see), with irregularly formed stem paśya-.
Root: dṛś (class 1)
Note: Adjectival participle modifying 'eke tadvidaḥ'.
धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - according to natural law (dharma) (according to dharma, according to righteousness, by law)
(indeclinable)
Formed from dharma (natural law, duty) with the suffix -tas (indicating 'from', 'by means of', 'according to').
Note: Adverbial usage.
तयोः (tayoḥ) - for the couple (the deceased husband and his widow/lineage) (of those two, for those two)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, dual of tad
tad - that, such, referring to a preceding idea or person
Note: Refers to the two parties for whom the niyoga is intended to benefit, specifically the deceased husband and his widow, or more broadly, the two lineages involved.