मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-272
राष्ट्रेषु रक्षाधिकृतान सामन्तांश्चैव चोदितान ।
अभ्याघातेषु मध्यस्थाञ शिष्याच्चौरानिव द्रुतम ॥२७२॥
अभ्याघातेषु मध्यस्थाञ शिष्याच्चौरानिव द्रुतम ॥२७२॥
272. rāṣṭreṣu rakṣādhikṛtān sāmantāṁścaiva coditān ,
abhyāghāteṣu madhyasthāñ śiṣyāccaurāniva drutam.
abhyāghāteṣu madhyasthāñ śiṣyāccaurāniva drutam.
272.
rāṣṭreṣu rakṣādhikṛtān sāmantān ca eva coditān
abhyāghāteṣu madhyasthān śikṣyāt caurān iva drutam
abhyāghāteṣu madhyasthān śikṣyāt caurān iva drutam
272.
rāṣṭreṣu rakṣādhikṛtān ca eva coditān sāmantān
abhyāghāteṣu madhyasthān caurān iva drutam śikṣyāt
abhyāghāteṣu madhyasthān caurān iva drutam śikṣyāt
272.
The king should swiftly punish, just like thieves, those officials authorized for protection within the territories, and the appointed feudatories, who remain indifferent during attacks.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- राष्ट्रेषु (rāṣṭreṣu) - in kingdoms, in territories, in countries
- रक्षाधिकृतान् (rakṣādhikṛtān) - those authorized for protection, security officials
- सामन्तान् (sāmantān) - feudatories, chieftains, border chiefs
- च (ca) - and, also
- एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
- चोदितान् (coditān) - appointed, incited, urged
- अभ्याघातेषु (abhyāghāteṣu) - in attacks, during incursions
- मध्यस्थान् (madhyasthān) - those standing in the middle, neutrals, indifferent
- शिक्ष्यात् (śikṣyāt) - should punish, should teach, should instruct
- चौरान् (caurān) - thieves, robbers
- इव (iva) - like, as, as if
- द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately
Words meanings and morphology
राष्ट्रेषु (rāṣṭreṣu) - in kingdoms, in territories, in countries
(noun)
Locative, neuter, plural of rāṣṭra
rāṣṭra - kingdom, realm, country, territory
रक्षाधिकृतान् (rakṣādhikṛtān) - those authorized for protection, security officials
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of rakṣādhikṛta
rakṣādhikṛta - one authorized for protection, security officer
Compound of rakṣā (protection) and adhikṛta (authorized)
Compound type : tatpurusha (rakṣā+adhikṛta)
- rakṣā – protection, guarding
noun (feminine) - adhikṛta – authorized, appointed, official
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of adhi-kṛ (to authorize, appoint)
Prefix: adhi
Root: kṛ (class 8)
सामन्तान् (sāmantān) - feudatories, chieftains, border chiefs
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of sāmanta
sāmanta - neighbor, adjacent ruler, feudatory, chieftain
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
(indeclinable)
चोदितान् (coditān) - appointed, incited, urged
(participle)
Accusative, masculine, plural of codita
codita - appointed, urged, incited, ordered
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of root cud (to urge, impel), or causative of cud
Root: cud (class 10)
Note: Refers to sāmantān
अभ्याघातेषु (abhyāghāteṣu) - in attacks, during incursions
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of abhyāghāta
abhyāghāta - attack, assault, invasion
Derived from abhi-ā-han (to strike against)
Prefixes: abhi+ā
Root: han (class 2)
मध्यस्थान् (madhyasthān) - those standing in the middle, neutrals, indifferent
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of madhyastha
madhyastha - standing in the middle, neutral, indifferent, umpire
Compound of madhya (middle) and stha (standing)
Compound type : tatpurusha (madhya+stha)
- madhya – middle, center
noun (neuter) - stha – standing, staying, situated
adjective (masculine)
From root sthā (to stand)
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Refers to rakṣādhikṛtān and sāmantān
शिक्ष्यात् (śikṣyāt) - should punish, should teach, should instruct
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of śikṣ
Optative mood, Active voice
3rd person singular optative active of root śikṣ
Root: śikṣ (class 1)
Note: The implied subject is 'nṛpaḥ' (king)
चौरान् (caurān) - thieves, robbers
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of caura
caura - thief, robber
इव (iva) - like, as, as if
(indeclinable)
द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately
(indeclinable)
Past Passive Participle (used as adverb)
From root dru (to run)
Root: dru (class 1)
Note: Used adverbially