मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-233
तीरितं चानुशिष्टं च यत्र क्व चन यद भवेत ।
कृतं तद धर्मतो विद्यान्न तद भूयो निवर्तयेत ॥२३३॥
कृतं तद धर्मतो विद्यान्न तद भूयो निवर्तयेत ॥२३३॥
233. tīritaṁ cānuśiṣṭaṁ ca yatra kva cana yad bhavet ,
kṛtaṁ tad dharmato vidyānna tad bhūyo nivartayet.
kṛtaṁ tad dharmato vidyānna tad bhūyo nivartayet.
233.
tīritam ca anuśiṣṭam ca yatra kva cana yat bhavet
kṛtam tat dharmataḥ vidyāt na tat bhūyaḥ nivartayet
kṛtam tat dharmataḥ vidyāt na tat bhūyaḥ nivartayet
233.
yatra kva cana yat tīritam ca anuśiṣṭam ca bhavet
tat kṛtam dharmataḥ vidyāt tat bhūyaḥ na nivartayet
tat kṛtam dharmataḥ vidyāt tat bhūyaḥ na nivartayet
233.
Whatever has been decided and decreed, wherever it may be, should be understood as established according to natural law (dharma), and one should not revoke it thereafter.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तीरितम् (tīritam) - that which has been judged (judged, decided, concluded)
- च (ca) - and
- अनुशिष्टम् (anuśiṣṭam) - that which has been decreed (instructed, ordered, decreed)
- च (ca) - and
- यत्र (yatra) - wherever (it may be) (where, in which place, whenever)
- क्व (kva) - where?
- चन (cana) - even, also, indeed
- यत् (yat) - whatever (matter) (which, whatever)
- भवेत् (bhavet) - may be (the case) (may be, should be, happens)
- कृतम् (kṛtam) - (as) done, established (done, made, performed)
- तत् (tat) - that (matter) (that, it)
- धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - according to natural law (dharma) (according to (dharma), lawfully, justly)
- विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should understand (one should know, one should understand)
- न (na) - not, no
- तत् (tat) - that (matter/decision) (that, it)
- भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again (thereafter) (again, further, more)
- निवर्तयेत् (nivartayet) - one should revoke or repeal (one should turn back, one should stop, one should repeal)
Words meanings and morphology
तीरितम् (tīritam) - that which has been judged (judged, decided, concluded)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tīrita
tīrita - judged, decided, concluded, crossed over
Past Passive Participle
From root tṝ (to cross, pass over, decide).
Root: tṝ (class 1)
Note: Acts as a substantive here.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
अनुशिष्टम् (anuśiṣṭam) - that which has been decreed (instructed, ordered, decreed)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of anuśiṣṭa
anuśiṣṭa - instructed, taught, disciplined, decreed
Past Passive Participle
From root śās (to rule, instruct) with upasarga anu (after, along).
Prefix: anu
Root: śās (class 2)
Note: Acts as a substantive here.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
यत्र (yatra) - wherever (it may be) (where, in which place, whenever)
(indeclinable)
Adverbial from yad (which).
क्व (kva) - where?
(indeclinable)
Interrogative adverb.
चन (cana) - even, also, indeed
(indeclinable)
यत् (yat) - whatever (matter) (which, whatever)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, whatever
Note: Agrees with implied 'kāryam'.
भवेत् (bhavet) - may be (the case) (may be, should be, happens)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū
optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular
Root bhū (to be, become).
Root: bhū (class 1)
कृतम् (kṛtam) - (as) done, established (done, made, performed)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta
kṛta - done, made, accomplished, finished
Past Passive Participle
From root kṛ (to do, make).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Predicate nominative for 'tat'.
तत् (tat) - that (matter) (that, it)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, it
Note: Subject of 'vidyāt' (implied by context as 'one should know it to be done...').
धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - according to natural law (dharma) (according to (dharma), lawfully, justly)
(indeclinable)
Adverbial from dharma with tas suffix.
विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should understand (one should know, one should understand)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vid
optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular
Root vid (to know).
Root: vid (class 2)
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
तत् (tat) - that (matter/decision) (that, it)
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, it
Note: Object of 'nivartayet'.
भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again (thereafter) (again, further, more)
(indeclinable)
Comparative degree of bahu (much).
निवर्तयेत् (nivartayet) - one should revoke or repeal (one should turn back, one should stop, one should repeal)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vṛt
causative, optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular
Root vṛt (to turn) with upasarga ni (down, back). Causative stem nivartaya-.
Prefix: ni
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Impelling 'one (the king or a judge) should not cause it to turn back'.