मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-307
यथा यमः प्रियद्वेष्यौ प्राप्ते काले नियच्छति ।
तथा राज्ञा नियन्तव्याः प्रजास्तद हि यमव्रतम ॥३०७॥
तथा राज्ञा नियन्तव्याः प्रजास्तद हि यमव्रतम ॥३०७॥
307. yathā yamaḥ priyadveṣyau prāpte kāle niyacchati ,
tathā rājñā niyantavyāḥ prajāstad hi yamavratam.
tathā rājñā niyantavyāḥ prajāstad hi yamavratam.
307.
yathā yamaḥ priyadveṣyau prāpte kāle niyacchati
tathā rājñā niyantavyāḥ prajāḥ tat hi yamavratam
tathā rājñā niyantavyāḥ prajāḥ tat hi yamavratam
307.
yathā yamaḥ prāpte kāle priyadveṣyau niyacchati
tathā rājñā prajāḥ niyantavyāḥ tat hi yamavratam
tathā rājñā prajāḥ niyantavyāḥ tat hi yamavratam
307.
Just as Yama (yama), the god of death, restrains both the beloved and the hated when their time has come, so too should subjects be controlled by the king. This is indeed the observance (vrata) of Yama.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as)
- यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama (yama), the god of death (Yama (god of death), restraint, twin)
- प्रियद्वेष्यौ (priyadveṣyau) - both the liked and the disliked (the liked and the disliked, friends and enemies)
- प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when it has come, having arrived (when it has arrived, having obtained, fit)
- काले (kāle) - at the time (at the time, in time)
- नियच्छति (niyacchati) - restrains, controls (restrains, controls, checks)
- तथा (tathā) - so too (so, similarly, thus)
- राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king
- नियन्तव्याः (niyantavyāḥ) - should be controlled (should be controlled, should be restrained)
- प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people (subjects, people, progeny, creation)
- तत् (tat) - this (observance) (that, this)
- हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)
- यमव्रतम् (yamavratam) - the observance (vrata) of Yama (the observance of Yama)
Words meanings and morphology
यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as)
(indeclinable)
यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama (yama), the god of death (Yama (god of death), restraint, twin)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yama
yama - Yama, the god of death; self-restraint; a twin
Root: yam
प्रियद्वेष्यौ (priyadveṣyau) - both the liked and the disliked (the liked and the disliked, friends and enemies)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, dual of priyadveṣya
priyadveṣya - liked and disliked, friends and enemies
Dvandva compound of 'priya' (liked) and 'dveṣya' (disliked).
Compound type : dvandva (priya+dveṣya)
- priya – dear, beloved, liked
adjective - dveṣya – hated, disliked, an enemy
adjective
Gerundive
Derived from root dviṣ (to hate).
Root: dviṣ (class 2)
Note: Refers to any two entities, one liked and one disliked.
प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when it has come, having arrived (when it has arrived, having obtained, fit)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of prāpta
āp - to obtain, to reach, to attain
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root āp with prefix pra.
Prefix: pra
Root: āp (class 5)
Note: Agrees with `kāle`.
काले (kāle) - at the time (at the time, in time)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of kāla
kāla - time, season, death, fate
नियच्छति (niyacchati) - restrains, controls (restrains, controls, checks)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of yam
Present active indicative
3rd person singular present active indicative of root yam with prefix ni.
Prefix: ni
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: From root yam (to restrain) with prefix ni.
तथा (tathā) - so too (so, similarly, thus)
(indeclinable)
राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
Root: rāj
नियन्तव्याः (niyantavyāḥ) - should be controlled (should be controlled, should be restrained)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of niyantavya
yam - to restrain, to control, to check
Gerundive (Kartavya Pratyaya)
Derived from root yam with prefix ni, using the suffix -tavya.
Prefix: ni
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: Gerundive, expressing obligation.
प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people (subjects, people, progeny, creation)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā
prajā - offspring, progeny, subjects, people, creation
Formed with prefix pra + root jan (to be born).
Root: jan
तत् (tat) - this (observance) (that, this)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, this
Demonstrative pronoun, neuter nominative singular.
Note: Agrees with `yamavratam`.
हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)
(indeclinable)
Particle used for emphasis or causation.
यमव्रतम् (yamavratam) - the observance (vrata) of Yama (the observance of Yama)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yamavrata
yamavrata - vow or observance of Yama
Tatpuruṣa compound: Yama's vrata (observance).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yama+vrata)
- yama – Yama, the god of death; self-restraint
proper noun (masculine)
Root: yam - vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred duty
noun (neuter)
Root: vṛ (class 5)