मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-273
यश्चापि धर्मसमयात प्रच्युतो धर्मजीवनः ।
दण्डेनैव तमप्योषेत स्वकाद धर्माद हि विच्युतम ॥२७३॥
दण्डेनैव तमप्योषेत स्वकाद धर्माद हि विच्युतम ॥२७३॥
273. yaścāpi dharmasamayāt pracyuto dharmajīvanaḥ ,
daṇḍenaiva tamapyoṣet svakād dharmād hi vicyutam.
daṇḍenaiva tamapyoṣet svakād dharmād hi vicyutam.
273.
yaḥ ca api dharmasamayāt pracyutaḥ dharmajīvanaḥ
daṇḍena eva tam api oṣet svakāt dharmāt hi vicyutam
daṇḍena eva tam api oṣet svakāt dharmāt hi vicyutam
273.
ca api yaḥ dharmajīvanaḥ dharmasamayāt pracyutaḥ hi
svakāt dharmāt vicyutam tam api daṇḍena eva oṣet
svakāt dharmāt vicyutam tam api daṇḍena eva oṣet
273.
And whoever, even though living according to their intrinsic nature (dharma-jīvana), has deviated from the conventional law (dharma-samaya), that person, indeed, who has fallen from their own essential nature (dharma), should be punished with a rod.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever
- च (ca) - and, also
- अपि (api) - also, even, too
- धर्मसमयात् (dharmasamayāt) - from the conventional law, from the customary agreement
- प्रच्युतः (pracyutaḥ) - fallen, deviated, swerved
- धर्मजीवनः (dharmajīvanaḥ) - whose life is (dharma), living according to duty/righteousness
- दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - by punishment, with a rod/stick
- एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
- तम् (tam) - him, that (person)
- अपि (api) - also, even, too
- ओषेत् (oṣet) - should burn, should injure, should punish severely, should chastise
- स्वकात् (svakāt) - from his own
- धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from the law, from duty, from essential nature
- हि (hi) - indeed, for, because
- विच्युतम् (vicyutam) - deviated, fallen
Words meanings and morphology
यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, who, what
Note: Relative pronoun
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
अपि (api) - also, even, too
(indeclinable)
धर्मसमयात् (dharmasamayāt) - from the conventional law, from the customary agreement
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of dharmasamaya
dharmasamaya - conventional law, customary rule, established usage, agreement on duty (dharma)
Compound of dharma and samaya
Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+samaya)
- dharma – righteous conduct, duty, law, intrinsic nature
noun (masculine) - samaya – agreement, convention, customary law, time
noun (masculine)
प्रच्युतः (pracyutaḥ) - fallen, deviated, swerved
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pracyuta
pracyuta - fallen, deviated, swerved, gone astray
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of pra-cyu (to fall down, deviate)
Prefix: pra
Root: cyu (class 1)
धर्मजीवनः (dharmajīvanaḥ) - whose life is (dharma), living according to duty/righteousness
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajīvana
dharmajīvana - living according to dharma, whose life is dharma, righteous living
Compound of dharma (duty/righteousness) and jīvana (living/life)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+jīvana)
- dharma – righteous conduct, duty, law, intrinsic nature
noun (masculine) - jīvana – life, living, means of livelihood
noun (neuter)
Derived from root jīv (to live)
Root: jīv (class 1)
दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - by punishment, with a rod/stick
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - stick, rod, punishment, scepter
एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
(indeclinable)
तम् (tam) - him, that (person)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ'
अपि (api) - also, even, too
(indeclinable)
ओषेत् (oṣet) - should burn, should injure, should punish severely, should chastise
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of uṣ
Optative mood, Active voice
3rd person singular optative active of root uṣ
Root: uṣ (class 1)
Note: The implied subject is 'nṛpaḥ' (king)
स्वकात् (svakāt) - from his own
(adjective)
Ablative, masculine, singular of svaka
svaka - one's own, peculiar to oneself
Note: Refers to 'dharma'
धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from the law, from duty, from essential nature
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - righteous conduct, duty, law, intrinsic nature, essential nature
हि (hi) - indeed, for, because
(indeclinable)
विच्युतम् (vicyutam) - deviated, fallen
(participle)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vicyuta
vicyuta - fallen, deviated, swerved, gone astray
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of vi-cyu (to fall apart, deviate)
Prefix: vi
Root: cyu (class 1)
Note: Refers to 'tam' (him), emphasizing his deviation.