मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-117
एकाधिकं हरेज ज्येष्ठः पुत्रोऽध्यर्धं ततोऽनुजः ।
अंशमंशं यवीयांस इति धर्मो व्यवस्थितः ॥११७॥
अंशमंशं यवीयांस इति धर्मो व्यवस्थितः ॥११७॥
117. ekādhikaṁ harej jyeṣṭhaḥ putro'dhyardhaṁ tato'nujaḥ ,
aṁśamaṁśaṁ yavīyāṁsa iti dharmo vyavasthitaḥ.
aṁśamaṁśaṁ yavīyāṁsa iti dharmo vyavasthitaḥ.
117.
eka adhikam haret jyeṣṭhaḥ putraḥ adhyardham tataḥ
anujaḥ aṃśam aṃśam yavīyāṃsaḥ iti dharmaḥ vyavasthitaḥ
anujaḥ aṃśam aṃśam yavīyāṃsaḥ iti dharmaḥ vyavasthitaḥ
117.
jyeṣṭhaḥ putraḥ eka adhikam haret tataḥ anujaḥ adhyardham
yavīyāṃsaḥ aṃśam aṃśam iti dharmaḥ vyavasthitaḥ
yavīyāṃsaḥ aṃśam aṃśam iti dharmaḥ vyavasthitaḥ
117.
The eldest son should take one share more (than the standard portion), the next younger brother should take one and a half shares, and the youngest ones should each take one share. Thus, this is the established natural law (dharma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एक (eka) - one (one, a single)
- अधिकम् (adhikam) - additional (share) (additional, excessive, more)
- हरेत् (haret) - should receive (should take, should carry, should inherit)
- ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (eldest, oldest, chief)
- पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son
- अध्यर्धम् (adhyardham) - one and a half shares (one and a half)
- ततः (tataḥ) - then (the next in order) (then, thereafter, from that)
- अनुजः (anujaḥ) - the next younger brother (younger, born after, younger brother)
- अंशम् (aṁśam) - one share (share, portion)
- अंशम् (aṁśam) - one share (share, portion)
- यवीयांसः (yavīyāṁsaḥ) - the youngest ones (the youngest ones, the inferior ones)
- इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this way)
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (righteous conduct, duty, law, nature, constitution (dharma))
- व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - established (established, settled, determined, fixed)
Words meanings and morphology
एक (eka) - one (one, a single)
(numeral)
Note: Part of 'eka adhikam' (one additional).
अधिकम् (adhikam) - additional (share) (additional, excessive, more)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of adhika
adhika - additional, more, excessive, superior
Note: Functions as an object of 'haret', meaning 'an additional portion'.
हरेत् (haret) - should receive (should take, should carry, should inherit)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of hṛ
Optative Mood, Parasmaipada
Root hṛ (1st class)
Root: hṛ (class 1)
ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (eldest, oldest, chief)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha
jyeṣṭha - eldest, oldest, chief, best
Superlative form of 'vṛddha' (old) or 'guru' (heavy, venerable).
Note: Subject of 'haret'.
पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of putra
putra - son, child
Note: Qualifies 'jyeṣṭhaḥ'.
अध्यर्धम् (adhyardham) - one and a half shares (one and a half)
(numeral)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhi+ardha)
- adhi – over, above, exceeding
indeclinable - ardha – half
noun (neuter)
Note: Object of an implied 'haret'.
ततः (tataḥ) - then (the next in order) (then, thereafter, from that)
(indeclinable)
अनुजः (anujaḥ) - the next younger brother (younger, born after, younger brother)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of anuja
anuja - born after, younger (brother)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anu+ja)
- anu – after, along, following
indeclinable - ja – born, produced from
participle (masculine)
Suffix `ja` derived from root `jan` (to be born)
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Subject of an implied 'haret'.
अंशम् (aṁśam) - one share (share, portion)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of aṃśa
aṁśa - share, portion, part
Note: Repetition indicates distribution 'each one share'.
अंशम् (aṁśam) - one share (share, portion)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of aṃśa
aṁśa - share, portion, part
Note: Repetition indicates distribution 'each one share'.
यवीयांसः (yavīyāṁsaḥ) - the youngest ones (the youngest ones, the inferior ones)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yavīyas
yavīyas - younger, youngest, inferior
Comparative/superlative form (irregular, from yuvan).
Note: Subject of an implied 'haren'.
इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this way)
(indeclinable)
Note: Marks the conclusion of a statement.
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (righteous conduct, duty, law, nature, constitution (dharma))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - righteousness, duty, law, justice, virtue, innate constitution, natural law
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Subject of the sentence, meaning 'this rule' or 'this is the established law'.
व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - established (established, settled, determined, fixed)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasthita
vyavasthita - established, settled, fixed, determined, arranged
Past Passive Participle
Derived from vi-ava-sthā (to stand firm, establish)
Prefixes: vi+ava
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Predicate adjective for 'dharmaḥ'.