मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-229
क्षत्रविद शूद्रयोनिस्तु दण्डं दातुमशक्नुवन ।
आनृण्यं कर्मणा गच्छेद विप्रो दद्यात्शनैः शनैः ॥२२९॥
आनृण्यं कर्मणा गच्छेद विप्रो दद्यात्शनैः शनैः ॥२२९॥
229. kṣatravid śūdrayonistu daṇḍaṁ dātumaśaknuvan ,
ānṛṇyaṁ karmaṇā gacched vipro dadyātśanaiḥ śanaiḥ.
ānṛṇyaṁ karmaṇā gacched vipro dadyātśanaiḥ śanaiḥ.
229.
kṣatravit śūdrayoniḥ tu daṇḍam dātum aśaknuvan
ānṛṇyam karmaṇā gacchet vipraḥ dadyāt śanaiḥ śanaiḥ
ānṛṇyam karmaṇā gacchet vipraḥ dadyāt śanaiḥ śanaiḥ
229.
kṣatravit śūdrayoniḥ tu daṇḍam dātum aśaknuvan
karmaṇā ānṛṇyam gacchet vipraḥ śanaiḥ śanaiḥ dadyāt
karmaṇā ānṛṇyam gacchet vipraḥ śanaiḥ śanaiḥ dadyāt
229.
A kṣatriya, a vaiśya, or one of śūdra [origin], if unable to pay the fine, should discharge the debt through labor (karma). But a Brahmin should pay it slowly, bit by bit.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- क्षत्रवित् (kṣatravit) - a kṣatriya, a vaiśya
- शूद्रयोनिः (śūdrayoniḥ) - one of śūdra origin, a śūdra
- तु (tu) - but, on the other hand
- दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - fine, penalty
- दातुम् (dātum) - to give, to pay
- अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - not being able, unable
- आनृण्यम् (ānṛṇyam) - freedom from debt, discharge of debt
- कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by work, through action
- गच्छेत् (gacchet) - he should attain, he should go
- विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a Brahmin, a priest
- दद्यात् (dadyāt) - he should give, he should pay
- शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gradually
- शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gradually
Words meanings and morphology
क्षत्रवित् (kṣatravit) - a kṣatriya, a vaiśya
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatravit
kṣatravit - a kṣatriya and a vaiśya (dvandva compound of kṣatra and vit)
Compound type : itaretarayoga dvandva (kṣatra+vit)
- kṣatra – kṣatriya, warrior class, ruling power
noun (neuter) - vit – vaiśya, merchant class, wealth-possessor
noun (masculine)
From the root √vid (to know, possess), referring to the Vaiśya social class, meaning 'possessor of wealth or knowledge of wealth'.
Root: vid (class 2)
शूद्रयोनिः (śūdrayoniḥ) - one of śūdra origin, a śūdra
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdrayoni
śūdrayoni - born from a śūdra, a śūdra
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śūdra+yoni)
- śūdra – the fourth social class, laborer
noun (masculine) - yoni – origin, source, womb, birth
noun (feminine)
तु (tu) - but, on the other hand
(indeclinable)
दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - fine, penalty
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - punishment, fine, staff
दातुम् (dātum) - to give, to pay
(infinitive)
अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - not being able, unable
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aśaknuvat
aśaknuvat - not being able (present active participle of a-√śak)
Present Active Participle
Negated participle from √śak (to be able).
Prefix: a
Root: śak (class 5)
Note: Modifies the implied subject (kṣatravit śūdrayoniḥ).
आनृण्यम् (ānṛṇyam) - freedom from debt, discharge of debt
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of ānṛṇya
ānṛṇya - freedom from debt, obligation
कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by work, through action
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman
karman - action, work, deed, religious rite (karma)
गच्छेत् (gacchet) - he should attain, he should go
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of gam
Root: gam (class 1)
विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a Brahmin, a priest
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra
vipra - Brahmin, learned, inspired
दद्यात् (dadyāt) - he should give, he should pay
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā
Root: dā (class 3)
शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gradually
(indeclinable)
शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gradually
(indeclinable)