मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-328
न च वैश्यस्य कामः स्यान्न रक्षेयं पशूनिति ।
वैश्ये चेच्छति नान्येन रक्षितव्याः कथं चन ॥३२८॥
वैश्ये चेच्छति नान्येन रक्षितव्याः कथं चन ॥३२८॥
328. na ca vaiśyasya kāmaḥ syānna rakṣeyaṁ paśūniti ,
vaiśye cecchati nānyena rakṣitavyāḥ kathaṁ cana.
vaiśye cecchati nānyena rakṣitavyāḥ kathaṁ cana.
328.
na ca vaiśyasya kāmaḥ syāt na rakṣeyam paśūn iti
vaiśye cet icchati na anyena rakṣitavyāḥ katham cana
vaiśye cet icchati na anyena rakṣitavyāḥ katham cana
328.
vaiśyasya kāmaḥ na ca syāt "na paśūn rakṣeyam" iti vaiśye cet icchati,
anyena katham cana na rakṣitavyāḥ
anyena katham cana na rakṣitavyāḥ
328.
A vaiśya should not harbor the thought, "I will not protect animals." If the vaiśya desires to protect them, then those creatures (prajāḥ) should certainly not be protected by anyone else.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not, nor
- च (ca) - and, nor
- वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of the vaiśya
- कामः (kāmaḥ) - the thought or intention of not protecting animals (desire, wish, intention, thought)
- स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be
- न (na) - not
- रक्षेयम् (rakṣeyam) - I should protect
- पशून् (paśūn) - animals, cattle
- इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech or thought (thus, so, saying)
- वैश्ये (vaiśye) - used in a locative absolute construction indicating a condition: 'if the vaiśya' (in the vaiśya, if the vaiśya)
- चेत् (cet) - if
- इच्छति (icchati) - he desires, he wishes
- न (na) - not
- अन्येन (anyena) - by another, by someone else
- रक्षितव्याः (rakṣitavyāḥ) - these creatures (prajāḥ) should be protected (should be protected (feminine plural))
- कथम् (katham) - how, in what way
- चन (cana) - when combined with katham and na, it means 'in no way' or 'certainly not' (even, any)
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not, nor
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and, nor
(indeclinable)
वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of the vaiśya
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a member of the vaiśya (merchant, farmer) caste
Note: Possessive.
कामः (kāmaḥ) - the thought or intention of not protecting animals (desire, wish, intention, thought)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kāma
kāma - desire, wish, love, intention, purpose
From root kam 'to desire'
Root: kam (class 1)
Note: Subject of syāt.
स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as
Root: as (class 2)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates rakṣeyam.
रक्षेयम् (rakṣeyam) - I should protect
(verb)
1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of rakṣ
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
पशून् (paśūn) - animals, cattle
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of paśu
paśu - animal, beast, cattle
Note: Object of rakṣeyam.
इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech or thought (thus, so, saying)
(indeclinable)
वैश्ये (vaiśye) - used in a locative absolute construction indicating a condition: 'if the vaiśya' (in the vaiśya, if the vaiśya)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a member of the vaiśya (merchant, farmer) caste
Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with cet icchati.
चेत् (cet) - if
(indeclinable)
इच्छति (icchati) - he desires, he wishes
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ
Root: iṣ (class 6)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates rakṣitavyāḥ.
अन्येन (anyena) - by another, by someone else
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of anya
anya - other, another, different
Note: Agent in passive construction.
रक्षितव्याः (rakṣitavyāḥ) - these creatures (prajāḥ) should be protected (should be protected (feminine plural))
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of rakṣitavya
rakṣitavya - to be protected, fit to be protected
Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
From root rakṣ 'to protect' + suffix -tavya
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
Note: Gerundive, implies obligation. Acts as the predicate of the implied subject (e.g., prajāḥ from the previous verse).
कथम् (katham) - how, in what way
(indeclinable)
चन (cana) - when combined with katham and na, it means 'in no way' or 'certainly not' (even, any)
(indeclinable)