मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-4
कालेऽदाता पिता वाच्यो वाच्यश्चानुपयन पतिः ।
मृते भर्तरि पुत्रस्तु वाच्यो मातुररक्षिता ॥४॥
मृते भर्तरि पुत्रस्तु वाच्यो मातुररक्षिता ॥४॥
4. kāle'dātā pitā vācyo vācyaścānupayan patiḥ ,
mṛte bhartari putrastu vācyo māturarakṣitā.
mṛte bhartari putrastu vācyo māturarakṣitā.
4.
kāle adātā pitā vācyaḥ vācyaḥ ca anūpayan patiḥ
mṛte bhartari putraḥ tu vācyaḥ mātuḥ arakṣitā
mṛte bhartari putraḥ tu vācyaḥ mātuḥ arakṣitā
4.
kāle adātā pitā vācyaḥ ca anūpayan patiḥ vācyaḥ
tu bhartari mṛte arakṣitā putraḥ mātuḥ vācyaḥ
tu bhartari mṛte arakṣitā putraḥ mātuḥ vācyaḥ
4.
A father who does not give his daughter in marriage at the proper time is to be censured. And a husband who does not fulfill his marital duties (e.g., provide support or approach her) is to be censured. But when the husband has died, a son who does not protect his mother is to be censured.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- काले (kāle) - at the proper time (for daughter's marriage) (in time, at the proper time)
- अदाता (adātā) - a father who does not give (his daughter in marriage) (non-giver, one who does not give)
- पिता (pitā) - father
- वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - is to be censured/reproached (to be spoken, to be said, to be reproached)
- च (ca) - and, likewise (and, also)
- अनूपयन् (anūpayan) - not fulfilling marital duties (e.g., provide support or approach her) (not approaching, not having intercourse, not supporting)
- पतिः (patiḥ) - husband (husband, master, lord)
- मृते (mṛte) - when (the husband) has died (in the dead, when dead, having died)
- भर्तरि (bhartari) - when the husband (in the husband, upon the husband)
- पुत्रः (putraḥ) - a son (son)
- तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)
- मातुः (mātuḥ) - of his mother (of the mother)
- अरक्षिता (arakṣitā) - (a son) who does not protect (his mother) (unprotected, not protecting)
Words meanings and morphology
काले (kāle) - at the proper time (for daughter's marriage) (in time, at the proper time)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of kāla
kāla - time, suitable time
अदाता (adātā) - a father who does not give (his daughter in marriage) (non-giver, one who does not give)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of adātṛ
adātṛ - non-giver, one who does not give
agent noun
from root dā (to give) with negative prefix 'a' and agent suffix -tṛ
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nañ) (a+dātṛ)
- a – not
indeclinable
negative prefix - dātṛ – giver, donor
noun (masculine)
agent noun
from root dā with agent suffix -tṛ
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Acts as an agent of the action of 'not giving'.
पिता (pitā) - father
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ
pitṛ - father
वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - is to be censured/reproached (to be spoken, to be said, to be reproached)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vācya
vācya - to be spoken, to be said, to be reproached
Gerundive
from root vac (to speak) with suffix -ya
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Predicative adjective.
च (ca) - and, likewise (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects the two statements.
अनूपयन् (anūpayan) - not fulfilling marital duties (e.g., provide support or approach her) (not approaching, not having intercourse, not supporting)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of anūpayat
anūpayat - not approaching, not supporting
Present Active Participle
from root upa-ī (to go to, approach) with prefix anu and causative suffix and negative 'a'
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nañ) (a+anūpayat (participle of anūpa-i))
- a – not
indeclinable
negative prefix - anūpayat – approaching, supporting
adjective (masculine)
Present Active Participle
from root upa-ī (to go to, approach) with prefix anu and causative suffix -i, then suffix -at
Prefixes: anu+upa
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Agrees with `patiḥ`.
पतिः (patiḥ) - husband (husband, master, lord)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pati
pati - husband, master, lord
Note: Subject of the sentence.
मृते (mṛte) - when (the husband) has died (in the dead, when dead, having died)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of mṛta
mṛta - dead, deceased
Past Passive Participle
from root mṛ (to die) with suffix -ta
Root: mṛ (class 1)
Note: In a locative absolute construction with `bhartari`.
भर्तरि (bhartari) - when the husband (in the husband, upon the husband)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ
bhartṛ - husband, maintainer, supporter
Root: bhṛ
Note: In a locative absolute construction with `mṛte`.
पुत्रः (putraḥ) - a son (son)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of putra
putra - son, child
तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
मातुः (mātuḥ) - of his mother (of the mother)
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, singular of mātṛ
mātṛ - mother
Note: Possessive, 'of the mother'.
अरक्षिता (arakṣitā) - (a son) who does not protect (his mother) (unprotected, not protecting)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of arakṣitṛ
arakṣitṛ - not protecting, non-protector
agent noun
from root rakṣ (to protect) with negative prefix 'a' and agent suffix -tṛ
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nañ) (a+rakṣitṛ)
- a – not
indeclinable
negative prefix - rakṣitṛ – protector, guardian
noun (masculine)
agent noun
from root rakṣ with agent suffix -tṛ
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
Note: Agrees with `putraḥ`.