मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-249
यावानवध्यस्य वधे तावान वध्यस्य मोक्षणे ।
अधर्मो नृपतेर्दृष्टो धर्मस्तु विनियच्छतः ॥२४९॥
अधर्मो नृपतेर्दृष्टो धर्मस्तु विनियच्छतः ॥२४९॥
249. yāvānavadhyasya vadhe tāvān vadhyasya mokṣaṇe ,
adharmo nṛpaterdṛṣṭo dharmastu viniyacchataḥ.
adharmo nṛpaterdṛṣṭo dharmastu viniyacchataḥ.
249.
yāvān avadhyasya vadhe tāvān vadhyasya mokṣaṇe
adharmaḥ nṛpateḥ dṛṣṭaḥ dharmaḥ tu viniyacchataḥ
adharmaḥ nṛpateḥ dṛṣṭaḥ dharmaḥ tu viniyacchataḥ
249.
nṛpateḥ avadhyasya vadhe yāvān adharmaḥ dṛṣṭaḥ tāvān vadhyasya mokṣaṇe.
tu viniyacchataḥ dharmaḥ.
tu viniyacchataḥ dharmaḥ.
249.
The unrighteousness (adharma) incurred by a king for killing an innocent person is as great as (the unrighteousness in) releasing a person who deserves to be killed. But righteousness (dharma) is for him who imposes restraint.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यावान् (yāvān) - as much as, as great as
- अवध्यस्य (avadhyasya) - of one who should not be killed, of an innocent person
- वधे (vadhe) - in killing, in the act of killing, regarding killing
- तावान् (tāvān) - so much, so great, that much
- वध्यस्य (vadhyasya) - of one who should be killed, of a guilty person, of one liable to be punished
- मोक्षणे (mokṣaṇe) - in releasing, in liberating, in setting free
- अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety
- नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of the king, of the ruler
- दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen, observed, considered, regarded
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness, justice, law, duty
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
- विनियच्छतः (viniyacchataḥ) - of him who restrains, of him who punishes, of him who regulates
Words meanings and morphology
यावान् (yāvān) - as much as, as great as
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yāvat
yāvat - as much as, as great as, as many as
Correlative pronoun.
Note: Corresponds to tāvān.
अवध्यस्य (avadhyasya) - of one who should not be killed, of an innocent person
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of avadhya
avadhya - not to be killed, inviolable, innocent
Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
From 'a' (negation) + root han (to kill) + suffix -ya (gerundive).
Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+vadhya)
- a – not, un-, non-
indeclinable - vadhya – to be killed, deserving death, guilty
adjective (masculine)
Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
Derived from root han (to kill) with suffix -ya (gerundive).
Root: han (class 2)
Note: Used as a substantive.
वधे (vadhe) - in killing, in the act of killing, regarding killing
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of vadha
vadha - killing, slaying, striking
Derived from root han (to kill).
Root: han (class 2)
तावान् (tāvān) - so much, so great, that much
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tāvat
tāvat - so much, so great, that much, so many
Correlative pronoun.
Note: Corresponds to yāvān.
वध्यस्य (vadhyasya) - of one who should be killed, of a guilty person, of one liable to be punished
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of vadhya
vadhya - to be killed, deserving death, guilty, punishable
Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
Derived from root han (to kill) with suffix -ya (gerundive).
Root: han (class 2)
Note: Used as a substantive.
मोक्षणे (mokṣaṇe) - in releasing, in liberating, in setting free
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of mokṣaṇa
mokṣaṇa - releasing, liberating, setting free, deliverance
verbal noun
Derived from root muc (to release) with suffix -ana.
Root: muc (class 6)
अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma
adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, wrong conduct
Negation of dharma by prefix 'a'.
Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+dharma)
- a – not, un-, non-
indeclinable - dharma – righteousness, law, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature
noun (masculine)
नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of the king, of the ruler
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of nṛpati
nṛpati - king, ruler (lit. 'lord of men')
Compound of nṛ (man) and pati (lord).
दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen, observed, considered, regarded
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭa
dṛṣṭa - seen, perceived, observed, visible
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root dṛś (to see).
Root: dṛś (class 1)
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness, justice, law, duty
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - righteousness, law, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitution
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
(indeclinable)
विनियच्छतः (viniyacchataḥ) - of him who restrains, of him who punishes, of him who regulates
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of viniyacchat
viniyacchat - restraining, controlling, punishing, regulating
Present Active Participle
Derived from root yam (to restrain) with upasargas vi and ni.
Prefixes: vi+ni
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: Used as a substantive, referring to the king.