मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-287
समैर्हि विषमं यस्तु चरेद वै मूल्यतोऽपि वा ।
समाप्नुयाद दमं पूर्वं नरो मध्यममेव वा ॥२८७॥
समाप्नुयाद दमं पूर्वं नरो मध्यममेव वा ॥२८७॥
287. samairhi viṣamaṁ yastu cared vai mūlyato'pi vā ,
samāpnuyād damaṁ pūrvaṁ naro madhyamameva vā.
samāpnuyād damaṁ pūrvaṁ naro madhyamameva vā.
287.
samaiḥ hi viṣamam yaḥ tu caret vai mūlyataḥ api
vā samāpnuyāt damam pūrvam naraḥ madhyamam eva vā
vā samāpnuyāt damam pūrvam naraḥ madhyamam eva vā
287.
yaḥ naraḥ tu samaiḥ hi viṣamam caret vai mūlyataḥ api vā,
(saḥ) pūrvam damam eva vā madhyamam samāpnuyāt
(saḥ) pūrvam damam eva vā madhyamam samāpnuyāt
287.
Indeed, if a person deals unfairly with equals, even regarding price, he should incur either the lowest or the middle penalty.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- समैः (samaiḥ) - by equals, by similar ones, with equals
- हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for, because)
- विषमम् (viṣamam) - unfairly, in an unequal or unfair manner (unequal, uneven, difficult, unfair)
- यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which, what)
- तु (tu) - indeed (but, however, indeed, and)
- चरेत् (caret) - should deal (should act, should practice, should conduct oneself)
- वै (vai) - indeed, surely (emphatic particle)
- मूल्यतः (mūlyataḥ) - regarding price/value (from price, by means of value, regarding value)
- अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)
- वा (vā) - or
- समाप्नुयात् (samāpnuyāt) - should incur (should obtain, should incur, should attain)
- दमम् (damam) - penalty, fine (fine, penalty, punishment)
- पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - the lowest (penalty) (first, former, eastern, lowest)
- नरः (naraḥ) - person (man, person)
- मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - the middle (penalty) (middle, intermediate, mediocre)
- एव (eva) - either...or (indeed, only, just, quite)
- वा (vā) - or
Words meanings and morphology
समैः (samaiḥ) - by equals, by similar ones, with equals
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of sama
sama - equal, same, similar, common
Note: Implies "with equals" in dealing.
हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for, because)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
विषमम् (viṣamam) - unfairly, in an unequal or unfair manner (unequal, uneven, difficult, unfair)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of viṣama
viṣama - uneven, unequal, difficult, unfair, bad
Compound of 'vi-' (negation/separation) and 'sama' (equal).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (vi+sama)
- vi – apart, away, without
indeclinable - sama – equal, same
adjective (neuter)
Note: Used adverbially here.
यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which, what)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ya
ya - who, which, what (relative pronoun)
Note: Subject of the conditional clause.
तु (tu) - indeed (but, however, indeed, and)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connective particle.
चरेत् (caret) - should deal (should act, should practice, should conduct oneself)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of car
Optative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular
From root √car, 1st class.
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Expresses a condition.
वै (vai) - indeed, surely (emphatic particle)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
मूल्यतः (mūlyataḥ) - regarding price/value (from price, by means of value, regarding value)
(indeclinable)
Formed from mūlya (price, value) with the suffix -tas.
अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)
(indeclinable)
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects alternatives.
समाप्नुयात् (samāpnuyāt) - should incur (should obtain, should incur, should attain)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of āp
Optative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular
From root √āp (5th class) with prefix 'sam-'.
Prefix: sam
Root: āp (class 5)
Note: Expresses the consequence.
दमम् (damam) - penalty, fine (fine, penalty, punishment)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dama
dama - fine, penalty, punishment, control
Note: Object of samāpnuyāt.
पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - the lowest (penalty) (first, former, eastern, lowest)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of pūrva
pūrva - first, former, prior, eastern, lowest (degree of fine)
Note: Adjective modifying damam.
नरः (naraḥ) - person (man, person)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nara
nara - man, person, human being
Note: Subject of the main clause.
मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - the middle (penalty) (middle, intermediate, mediocre)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of madhyama
madhyama - middle, intermediate, mediocre, average, middle (degree of fine)
Note: Adjective modifying an implied 'damam'.
एव (eva) - either...or (indeed, only, just, quite)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle, used here in an "either...or" construction with vā.
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects alternatives.