मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-44
पृथोरपीमां पृथिवीं भार्यां पूर्वविदो विदुः ।
स्थाणुच्छेदस्य केदारमाहुः शाल्यवतो मृगम ॥४४॥
स्थाणुच्छेदस्य केदारमाहुः शाल्यवतो मृगम ॥४४॥
44. pṛthorapīmāṁ pṛthivīṁ bhāryāṁ pūrvavido viduḥ ,
sthāṇucchedasya kedāramāhuḥ śālyavato mṛgam.
sthāṇucchedasya kedāramāhuḥ śālyavato mṛgam.
44.
pṛthoḥ api imām pṛthivīm bhāryām pūrvavidaḥ viduḥ
sthāṇucchedasya kedāram āhuḥ śālyavataḥ mṛgam
sthāṇucchedasya kedāram āhuḥ śālyavataḥ mṛgam
44.
pūrvavidaḥ imām pṛthivīm api pṛthoḥ bhāryām viduḥ
sthāṇucchedasya kedāram śālyavataḥ mṛgam āhuḥ
sthāṇucchedasya kedāram śālyavataḥ mṛgam āhuḥ
44.
The ancient authorities declare that this earth itself is the wife of Pṛthu. They say that the field belongs to the one who clears the stumps, and the deer to the owner of the rice field.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- पृथोः (pṛthoḥ) - of Pṛthu (a mythical king) (of Pṛthu)
- अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)
- इमाम् (imām) - this (this (feminine))
- पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - earth (earth, the earth)
- भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife (wife, she who is to be supported)
- पूर्वविदः (pūrvavidaḥ) - ancient authorities (knowers of ancient things, ancient authorities)
- विदुः (viduḥ) - they declare (they know, they understand, they declare)
- स्थाणुच्छेदस्य (sthāṇucchedasya) - of the one who clears the stumps (of the one who clears stumps/trees)
- केदारम् (kedāram) - field (field, wet field, cultivated land)
- आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say (they say, they declare)
- शाल्यवतः (śālyavataḥ) - of the owner of the rice field (of the owner of rice, of one who possesses rice)
- मृगम् (mṛgam) - the deer (deer, wild animal)
Words meanings and morphology
पृथोः (pṛthoḥ) - of Pṛthu (a mythical king) (of Pṛthu)
(proper noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of pṛthu
pṛthu - Pṛthu (name of an ancient king who made the earth cultivable); broad, wide, great
Note: Relates to pṛthivīm bhāryām
अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)
(indeclinable)
इमाम् (imām) - this (this (feminine))
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of idam
idam - this, this one
Note: Agrees with pṛthivīm and bhāryām
पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - earth (earth, the earth)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī
pṛthivī - the earth, soil, ground
Note: Object of viduḥ
भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife (wife, she who is to be supported)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāryā
bhāryā - wife, she who is to be maintained/supported
Gerundive (feminine form)
Derived from root bhṛ (भृ) 'to bear, support' with suffix -ya
Root: bhṛ (class 3)
Note: Complement of viduḥ, relating to pṛthivīm
पूर्वविदः (pūrvavidaḥ) - ancient authorities (knowers of ancient things, ancient authorities)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of pūrvavid
pūrvavid - knower of former times, ancient authority
Compound type : tatpurusha (pūrva+vid)
- pūrva – former, prior, ancient
adjective (masculine) - vid – knower, learned
noun (masculine)
Derived from root vid (विद्) 'to know'
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Subject of viduḥ and āhuḥ
विदुः (viduḥ) - they declare (they know, they understand, they declare)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vid
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: This is a perfect tense form (liṭ), but often used with present sense in classical Sanskrit for 'they know/declare'.
स्थाणुच्छेदस्य (sthāṇucchedasya) - of the one who clears the stumps (of the one who clears stumps/trees)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of sthāṇuccheda
sthāṇuccheda - one who cuts down stumps/trees, a clearer of land
Compound type : tatpurusha (sthāṇu+ccheda)
- sthāṇu – stump, trunk of a tree, pillar
noun (masculine) - ccheda – cutting, splitting, remover
noun (masculine)
Derived from root chid (छिद्) 'to cut'
Root: chid (class 7)
Note: Agent of kedāram (possessor of the field)
केदारम् (kedāram) - field (field, wet field, cultivated land)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of kedāra
kedāra - a field, especially a wet field for rice cultivation
Note: Object of āhuḥ
आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say (they say, they declare)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah
Irregular perfect tense form
Root: ah (class 2)
Note: Used in present sense.
शाल्यवतः (śālyavataḥ) - of the owner of the rice field (of the owner of rice, of one who possesses rice)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of śālyavat
śālyavat - possessing rice, having rice fields
From śāli (rice) + -vat (possessive suffix)
Note: Qualifies an implied owner/person
मृगम् (mṛgam) - the deer (deer, wild animal)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛga
mṛga - deer, wild animal, game
Note: Object of āhuḥ