मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-256
द्विविधांस्तस्करान विद्यात परद्रव्यापहारकान ।
प्रकाशांश्चाप्रकाशांश्च चारचक्षुर्महीपतिः ॥२५६॥
प्रकाशांश्चाप्रकाशांश्च चारचक्षुर्महीपतिः ॥२५६॥
256. dvividhāṁstaskarān vidyāt paradravyāpahārakān ,
prakāśāṁścāprakāśāṁśca cāracakṣurmahīpatiḥ.
prakāśāṁścāprakāśāṁśca cāracakṣurmahīpatiḥ.
256.
dvividhān taskarān vidyāt paradravyāpahārakān
prakāśān ca aprakāśān ca cāracakṣuḥ mahīpatiḥ
prakāśān ca aprakāśān ca cāracakṣuḥ mahīpatiḥ
256.
cāracakṣuḥ mahīpatiḥ paradravyāpahārakān taskarān
dvividhān vidyāt prakāśān ca aprakāśān ca
dvividhān vidyāt prakāśān ca aprakāśān ca
256.
A ruler, whose spies serve as his eyes, should know that those who steal the property of others are of two kinds: overt and covert.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- द्विविधान् (dvividhān) - of two kinds, twofold
- तस्करान् (taskarān) - thieves, robbers
- विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should recognize
- परद्रव्यापहारकान् (paradravyāpahārakān) - those who steal others' property, robbers of others' wealth
- प्रकाशान् (prakāśān) - overt, open, manifest (thieves)
- च (ca) - and
- अप्रकाशान् (aprakāśān) - covert, secret, hidden (thieves)
- च (ca) - and
- चारचक्षुः (cāracakṣuḥ) - whose eyes are spies, having spies as eyes
- महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - king, ruler of the earth
Words meanings and morphology
द्विविधान् (dvividhān) - of two kinds, twofold
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of dvividha
dvividha - of two kinds, twofold, bipartite
From dvi (two) + vidha (kind)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+vidha)
- dvi – two
numeral - vidha – kind, sort, manner
noun (masculine)
Note: Adjective modifying taskarān and paradravyāpahārakān
तस्करान् (taskarān) - thieves, robbers
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of taskara
taskara - thief, robber
विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should recognize
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vid
Optative Mood
3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice, 2nd class verb
Root: vid (class 2)
परद्रव्यापहारकान् (paradravyāpahārakān) - those who steal others' property, robbers of others' wealth
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of paradravyāpahāraka
paradravyāpahāraka - one who steals others' property, plunderer of others' wealth
Compound of para-dravya (others' property) and apahāraka (one who carries away/steals)
Compound type : tatpurusha (paradravya+apahāraka)
- paradravya – others' property, another's wealth
noun (neuter)
Compound of para (other, another) and dravya (wealth, property) - apahāraka – stealer, plunderer, one who carries away
noun (masculine)
Derived from root hṛ (to seize, carry) with prefix apa- and agent suffix -aka
Prefix: apa-
Root: hṛ (class 1)
प्रकाशान् (prakāśān) - overt, open, manifest (thieves)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of prakāśa
prakāśa - manifest, visible, open, public
From root kāś (to shine) with prefix pra-
Prefix: pra-
Root: kāś (class 1)
Note: Refers to types of thieves
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
अप्रकाशान् (aprakāśān) - covert, secret, hidden (thieves)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of aprakāśa
aprakāśa - not manifest, invisible, secret, hidden, covert
Negative compound of a- (not) + prakāśa (manifest)
Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+prakāśa)
- a – not, un- (negative prefix)
indeclinable - prakāśa – manifest, visible, open
adjective
Prefix: pra-
Root: kāś (class 1)
Note: Refers to types of thieves
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
चारचक्षुः (cāracakṣuḥ) - whose eyes are spies, having spies as eyes
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of cāracakṣus
cāracakṣus - one whose eyes are spies, having spies as eyes
Compound of cāra (spy) and cakṣus (eye)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (cāra+cakṣus)
- cāra – spy, secret agent, wanderer
noun (masculine)
From root car (to move, wander)
Root: car (class 1) - cakṣus – eye, sight
noun (neuter)
Note: Refers to mahīpatiḥ
महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - king, ruler of the earth
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati
mahīpati - lord of the earth, king, ruler
Compound of mahī (earth) and pati (lord)
Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pati)
- mahī – earth, ground
noun (feminine) - pati – lord, master, husband
noun (masculine)