मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-5
सूक्ष्मेभ्योऽपि प्रसङ्गेभ्यः स्त्रियो रक्ष्या विशेषतः ।
द्वयोर्हि कुलयोः शोकमावहेयुररक्षिताः ॥५॥
द्वयोर्हि कुलयोः शोकमावहेयुररक्षिताः ॥५॥
5. sūkṣmebhyo'pi prasaṅgebhyaḥ striyo rakṣyā viśeṣataḥ ,
dvayorhi kulayoḥ śokamāvaheyurarakṣitāḥ.
dvayorhi kulayoḥ śokamāvaheyurarakṣitāḥ.
5.
sūkṣmebhyaḥ api prasaṅgebhyaḥ striyaḥ rakṣyāḥ
viśeṣataḥ dvayoḥ hi kulayoḥ śokam āvaheyuḥ arakṣitāḥ
viśeṣataḥ dvayoḥ hi kulayoḥ śokam āvaheyuḥ arakṣitāḥ
5.
striyaḥ sūkṣmebhyaḥ api prasaṅgebhyaḥ viśeṣataḥ
rakṣyāḥ hi arakṣitāḥ dvayoḥ kulayoḥ śokam āvaheyuḥ
rakṣyāḥ hi arakṣitāḥ dvayoḥ kulayoḥ śokam āvaheyuḥ
5.
Women should be protected especially from even the most subtle entanglements. For indeed, unprotected women would bring sorrow to both families.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सूक्ष्मेभ्यः (sūkṣmebhyaḥ) - from subtle (temptations/entanglements) (from subtle, from minute, from small)
- अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)
- प्रसङ्गेभ्यः (prasaṅgebhyaḥ) - from entanglements (or temptations) (from attachments, from connections, from occasions, from temptations)
- स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women
- रक्ष्याः (rakṣyāḥ) - should be protected (to be protected, should be protected)
- विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially (especially, particularly, distinctively)
- द्वयोः (dvayoḥ) - of both (families) (of two, both)
- हि (hi) - for indeed (indeed, for, surely)
- कुलयोः (kulayoḥ) - of (both) families (of families, of lineages)
- शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow (sorrow, grief, distress)
- आवहेयुः (āvaheyuḥ) - they would bring (they would bring, they might cause, they would carry)
- अरक्षिताः (arakṣitāḥ) - unprotected (women) (unprotected, unguarded)
Words meanings and morphology
सूक्ष्मेभ्यः (sūkṣmebhyaḥ) - from subtle (temptations/entanglements) (from subtle, from minute, from small)
(adjective)
Ablative, masculine, plural of sūkṣma
sūkṣma - subtle, minute, small, fine
Note: Agrees with `prasaṅgebhyaḥ`.
अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)
(indeclinable)
प्रसङ्गेभ्यः (prasaṅgebhyaḥ) - from entanglements (or temptations) (from attachments, from connections, from occasions, from temptations)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, plural of prasaṅga
prasaṅga - attachment, connection, occasion, temptation
from root sañj (to cling) with prefix pra
Prefix: pra
Root: sañj (class 1)
Note: Object from which protection is needed.
स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of strī
strī - woman, female
Note: Subject of the sentence (implied 'should be protected').
रक्ष्याः (rakṣyāḥ) - should be protected (to be protected, should be protected)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of rakṣya
rakṣya - to be protected, to be guarded
Gerundive
from root rakṣ (to protect) with suffix -ya
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
Note: Predicative adjective, agreeing with `striyaḥ`.
विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially (especially, particularly, distinctively)
(indeclinable)
adverbial suffix -tas
द्वयोः (dvayoḥ) - of both (families) (of two, both)
(numeral)
Note: Agrees with `kulayoḥ`.
हि (hi) - for indeed (indeed, for, surely)
(indeclinable)
कुलयोः (kulayoḥ) - of (both) families (of families, of lineages)
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, dual of kula
kula - family, lineage, race, clan
Note: Refers to the paternal and marital families.
शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow (sorrow, grief, distress)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka
śoka - sorrow, grief, distress
from root śuc (to grieve)
Root: śuc
Note: Object of `āvaheyuḥ`.
आवहेयुः (āvaheyuḥ) - they would bring (they would bring, they might cause, they would carry)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of āvah
Optative Active
3rd person plural optative active, from root vah (to carry) with prefix ā
Prefix: ā
Root: vah (class 1)
Note: The subject is `arakṣitāḥ (striyaḥ)`.
अरक्षिताः (arakṣitāḥ) - unprotected (women) (unprotected, unguarded)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of arakṣita
arakṣita - unprotected, unguarded
Past Passive Participle (negated)
from root rakṣ (to protect) with negative prefix 'a' and suffix -ita (kta)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nañ) (a+rakṣita)
- a – not
indeclinable
negative prefix - rakṣita – protected, guarded
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
from root rakṣ with suffix -ita
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
Note: Used substantively here, referring to 'unprotected women'.