मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-231
ये नियुक्तास्तु कार्येषु हन्युः कार्याणि कार्यिणाम ।
धनौष्मणा पच्यमानास्तान्निःस्वान कारयेन्नृपः ॥२३१॥
धनौष्मणा पच्यमानास्तान्निःस्वान कारयेन्नृपः ॥२३१॥
231. ye niyuktāstu kāryeṣu hanyuḥ kāryāṇi kāryiṇām ,
dhanauṣmaṇā pacyamānāstānniḥsvān kārayennṛpaḥ.
dhanauṣmaṇā pacyamānāstānniḥsvān kārayennṛpaḥ.
231.
ye niyuktāḥ tu kāryeṣu hanyuḥ kāryāṇi kāryiṇām
dhanauṣmaṇā pacyamānāḥ tān niḥsvān kārayet nṛpaḥ
dhanauṣmaṇā pacyamānāḥ tān niḥsvān kārayet nṛpaḥ
231.
nṛpaḥ ye kāryeṣu niyuktāḥ tu dhanauṣmaṇā pacyamānāḥ
kāryiṇām kāryāṇi hanyuḥ tān niḥsvān kārayet
kāryiṇām kāryāṇi hanyuḥ tān niḥsvān kārayet
231.
The king should impoverish those officials who, appointed to tasks, ruin the affairs of the people involved, being corrupted by the allure of wealth.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ये (ye) - those officials who (who, those who)
- नियुक्ताः (niyuktāḥ) - appointed (to duties) (appointed, engaged, employed)
- तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)
- कार्येषु (kāryeṣu) - in their assigned duties (in duties, in affairs, in tasks)
- हन्युः (hanyuḥ) - they would spoil or ruin (they would destroy, they would kill, they would harm)
- कार्याणि (kāryāṇi) - the affairs (of the people) (duties, affairs, tasks)
- कार्यिणाम् (kāryiṇām) - of the people involved (in the affairs) (of those who have business, of those who are concerned)
- धनौष्मणा (dhanauṣmaṇā) - by the alluring or corrupting power of wealth (by the heat of wealth, by greed for wealth)
- पच्यमानाः (pacyamānāḥ) - being tormented (by greed), being corrupted (being cooked, being ripened, being tormented)
- तान् (tān) - those (officials) (them (masculine plural accusative))
- निःस्वान् (niḥsvān) - utterly poor (propertyless, poor, destitute)
- कारयेत् (kārayet) - should make (them poor) (should make, should cause to do)
- नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler
Words meanings and morphology
ये (ye) - those officials who (who, those who)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yad
yad - who, which, what
नियुक्ताः (niyuktāḥ) - appointed (to duties) (appointed, engaged, employed)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of niyukta
niyukta - appointed, engaged, fixed, joined
Past Passive Participle
From root yuj (to join) with upasarga ni (down, into).
Prefix: ni
Root: yuj (class 7)
Note: Agrees with 'ye'.
तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
कार्येषु (kāryeṣu) - in their assigned duties (in duties, in affairs, in tasks)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, plural of kārya
kārya - to be done, duty, business, affair, task
Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
From root kṛ (to do) + ya suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
हन्युः (hanyuḥ) - they would spoil or ruin (they would destroy, they would kill, they would harm)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of han
optative mood, active voice, 3rd person plural
Root han (to strike, kill, destroy).
Root: han (class 2)
कार्याणि (kāryāṇi) - the affairs (of the people) (duties, affairs, tasks)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of kārya
kārya - to be done, duty, business, affair, task
Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
From root kṛ (to do) + ya suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Object of 'hanyuḥ'.
कार्यिणाम् (kāryiṇām) - of the people involved (in the affairs) (of those who have business, of those who are concerned)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of kāryin
kāryin - engaged in business, having work, concerned with
From kārya (business) + in suffix.
धनौष्मणा (dhanauṣmaṇā) - by the alluring or corrupting power of wealth (by the heat of wealth, by greed for wealth)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhanauṣman
dhanauṣman - heat of wealth, greed for wealth
Compound of dhana (wealth) and uṣman (heat).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+uṣman)
- dhana – wealth, riches, property
noun (neuter) - uṣman – heat, warmth, ardour, passion
noun (masculine)
From root uṣ (to burn).
Root: uṣ (class 1)
पच्यमानाः (pacyamānāḥ) - being tormented (by greed), being corrupted (being cooked, being ripened, being tormented)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of pacyamāna
pacyamāna - being cooked, being digested, suffering, ripening
Present Passive Participle
From root pac (to cook, ripen, suffer) + śānac suffix in passive voice.
Root: pac (class 1)
Note: Agrees with 'ye'.
तान् (tān) - those (officials) (them (masculine plural accusative))
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Note: Object of 'kārayet'.
निःस्वान् (niḥsvān) - utterly poor (propertyless, poor, destitute)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of niḥsva
niḥsva - propertyless, destitute, poor
Compound of nir (without) + sva (one's own property).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+sva)
- nis – out, forth, without
indeclinable - sva – one's own, property, wealth
noun (neuter)
Note: Predicate accusative with 'kārayet', meaning 'make them poor'.
कारयेत् (kārayet) - should make (them poor) (should make, should cause to do)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṛ
causative, optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular
Root kṛ (to do) + causative suffix 'i' + optative ending.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: The agent (king) causes 'them' to become 'poor'.
नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa
nṛpa - king, protector of men
Compound of nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from root pā, to protect).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)
- nṛ – man, person
noun (masculine) - pa – protector, guardian
noun (masculine)
Kṛt suffix (a)
From root pā (to protect).
Root: pā (class 2)
Note: Agent of 'kārayet'.