मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-240
प्रायश्चित्तं तु कुर्वाणाः सर्ववर्णा यथोदितम ।
नाङ्क्या राज्ञा ललाटे स्युर्दाप्यास्तूत्तमसाहसम ॥२४०॥
नाङ्क्या राज्ञा ललाटे स्युर्दाप्यास्तूत्तमसाहसम ॥२४०॥
240. prāyaścittaṁ tu kurvāṇāḥ sarvavarṇā yathoditam ,
nāṅkyā rājñā lalāṭe syurdāpyāstūttamasāhasam.
nāṅkyā rājñā lalāṭe syurdāpyāstūttamasāhasam.
240.
prāyaścittam tu kurvāṇāḥ sarvavarṇāḥ yathoditam na
aṅkyāḥ rājñā lalāṭe syuḥ dāpyāḥ tu uttamasāhasam
aṅkyāḥ rājñā lalāṭe syuḥ dāpyāḥ tu uttamasāhasam
240.
tu prāyaścittam yathoditam kurvāṇāḥ sarvavarṇāḥ
rājñā lalāṭe na aṅkyāḥ syuḥ tu uttamasāhasam dāpyāḥ
rājñā lalāṭe na aṅkyāḥ syuḥ tu uttamasāhasam dāpyāḥ
240.
However, all classes who perform the prescribed penance should not be branded on the forehead by the king, but they should be made to pay the highest fine.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- प्रायश्चित्तम् (prāyaścittam) - expiation, penance
- तु (tu) - but, however, indeed
- कुर्वाणाः (kurvāṇāḥ) - performing, doing
- सर्ववर्णाः (sarvavarṇāḥ) - all social classes (varṇas)
- यथोदितम् (yathoditam) - as prescribed (by law/scripture) (as prescribed, as declared, as risen)
- न (na) - not, no
- अङ्क्याः (aṅkyāḥ) - should be marked/branded
- राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king
- ललाटे (lalāṭe) - on the forehead
- स्युः (syuḥ) - they should be
- दाप्याः (dāpyāḥ) - should be made to pay
- तु (tu) - but, however, indeed
- उत्तमसाहसम् (uttamasāhasam) - the highest fine
Words meanings and morphology
प्रायश्चित्तम् (prāyaścittam) - expiation, penance
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of prāyaścitta
prāyaścitta - expiation, penance, atonement
compound of prāyaś (often taken as a form of prāyas) and citta
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (prāyas+citta)
- prāyas – transgression, fault, death
noun (neuter) - citta – thought, mind, understanding, expiation
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
from root cit + kta
Root: cit (class 10)
तु (tu) - but, however, indeed
(indeclinable)
कुर्वाणाः (kurvāṇāḥ) - performing, doing
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kurvāṇa
kurvāṇa - performing, doing
Present Middle Participle
from root kṛ (class 8) + śānac suffix
Root: kṛ (class 8)
सर्ववर्णाः (sarvavarṇāḥ) - all social classes (varṇas)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sarvavarṇa
sarvavarṇa - all social classes, all colors
compound of sarva and varṇa
Compound type : Karma-dhāraya (sarva+varṇa)
- sarva – all, every
pronoun (masculine/neuter) - varṇa – color, class, caste
noun (masculine)
from vṛ + na
Root: vṛ (class 5)
यथोदितम् (yathoditam) - as prescribed (by law/scripture) (as prescribed, as declared, as risen)
(indeclinable)
Past Passive Participle compound with yathā
indeclinable compound of yathā (as) and udita (spoken/risen)
Compound type : Avyayībhāva (yathā+udita)
- yathā – as, like, according to
indeclinable - udita – said, spoken, prescribed, risen
adjective (masculine/neuter)
Past Passive Participle
from ud-vad (to speak) or ud-i (to rise) + kta suffix. Here used in the sense of 'spoken/prescribed'.
Prefix: ud
Root: vad / i (class 1)
Note: grammatically neuter singular nom/acc, acting adverbially modifying 'kurvāṇāḥ'.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
अङ्क्याः (aṅkyāḥ) - should be marked/branded
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of aṅkya
aṅkya - to be marked, to be branded
Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)
from root aṅk (class 10) + ṇyat suffix
Root: aṅk (class 10)
राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
Root: rāj (class 1)
ललाटे (lalāṭe) - on the forehead
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of lalāṭa
lalāṭa - forehead
स्युः (syuḥ) - they should be
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as
Optative (vidhiliṅ), 3rd person plural
root as (class 2) + yus
Root: as (class 2)
दाप्याः (dāpyāḥ) - should be made to pay
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dāpya
dāpya - to be made to pay, to be caused to give
Causative Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)
from root dā (class 3) + ṇic (causative) + ṇyat (gerundive)
Root: dā (class 3)
तु (tu) - but, however, indeed
(indeclinable)
उत्तमसाहसम् (uttamasāhasam) - the highest fine
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of uttamasāhasa
uttamasāhasa - the highest fine, extreme daring
compound of uttama and sāhasa
Compound type : Karma-dhāraya (uttama+sāhasa)
- uttama – highest, supreme, best
adjective (masculine/neuter)
superlative of ut (up) - sāhasa – violence, force, enterprise, a fine (in law)
noun (neuter)
from sahas + aṇ
Root: sah (class 1)