मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-221
द्यूतं समाह्वयं चैव राजा राष्ट्रात्निवारयेत ।
राजान्तकरणावेतौ द्वौ दोषौ पृथिवीक्षिताम ॥२२१॥
राजान्तकरणावेतौ द्वौ दोषौ पृथिवीक्षिताम ॥२२१॥
221. dyūtaṁ samāhvayaṁ caiva rājā rāṣṭrātnivārayet ,
rājāntakaraṇāvetau dvau doṣau pṛthivīkṣitām.
rājāntakaraṇāvetau dvau doṣau pṛthivīkṣitām.
221.
dyūtam samāhvayam ca eva rājā rāṣṭrāt nivārayeta
rājāntakaraṇau etau dvau doṣau pṛthivīkṣitām
rājāntakaraṇau etau dvau doṣau pṛthivīkṣitām
221.
rājā dyūtam samāhvayam ca eva rāṣṭrāt nivārayeta
etau dvau doṣau pṛthivīkṣitām rājāntakaraṇau
etau dvau doṣau pṛthivīkṣitām rājāntakaraṇau
221.
The king should certainly prohibit both gambling and contests of chance from his kingdom. These two vices are indeed the undoing of rulers (pṛthivīkṣitām).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gambling (typically with dice) (gambling, play, game)
- समाह्वयम् (samāhvayam) - contests of chance (e.g., cock-fighting, wrestling matches with bets) (challenge, contest, game of chance (often involving living beings))
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- एव (eva) - certainly, indeed (indeed, only, just)
- राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)
- राष्ट्रात् (rāṣṭrāt) - from his kingdom (from the kingdom, from the country)
- निवारयेत (nivārayeta) - should prohibit (should prevent, should prohibit, should keep back)
- राजान्तकरणौ (rājāntakaraṇau) - leading to the ruin of kings (causing the end of kings, destructive of kings)
- एतौ (etau) - these two (vices) (these two)
- द्वौ (dvau) - two
- दोषौ (doṣau) - vices, defects (faults, vices, defects)
- पृथिवीक्षिताम् (pṛthivīkṣitām) - of rulers, kings (of earth-protectors, of kings)
Words meanings and morphology
द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gambling (typically with dice) (gambling, play, game)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dyūta
dyūta - gambling, play, game, throwing dice
Past Passive Participle (from div)
From root div (to play, throw dice).
Root: div (class 4)
Note: Object of nivārayeta.
समाह्वयम् (samāhvayam) - contests of chance (e.g., cock-fighting, wrestling matches with bets) (challenge, contest, game of chance (often involving living beings))
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of samāhvaya
samāhvaya - challenging, calling together, contest, game of chance (with animate objects)
From sam + ā + root hve (to call).
Prefixes: sam+ā
Root: hve (class 1)
Note: Object of nivārayeta.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - certainly, indeed (indeed, only, just)
(indeclinable)
राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler, prince
n-stem noun.
Root: rāj
राष्ट्रात् (rāṣṭrāt) - from his kingdom (from the kingdom, from the country)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra
rāṣṭra - kingdom, country, realm, state
Root: rāj
Note: Source from which to prohibit.
निवारयेत (nivārayeta) - should prohibit (should prevent, should prohibit, should keep back)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of ni-vṛ
Optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular (causative stem)
From ni + root vṛ (to cover, restrain). Causative nivārayati.
Prefix: ni
Root: vṛ (class 5)
राजान्तकरणौ (rājāntakaraṇau) - leading to the ruin of kings (causing the end of kings, destructive of kings)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of rājāntakaraṇa
rājāntakaraṇa - causing the end of kings, destructive of kings
Compound of rājan (king) + anta (end) + karaṇa (causing).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+anta+karaṇa)
- rājan – king, ruler
noun (masculine)
Root: rāj - anta – end, boundary, death
noun (masculine) - karaṇa – causing, making, instrument, means
noun (neuter)
From root kṛ (to do, make).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Nominative dual, referring to the two vices.
एतौ (etau) - these two (vices) (these two)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of etad
etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)
Note: Refers to dyūta and samāhvaya.
द्वौ (dvau) - two
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of dvi
dvi - two (numeral)
दोषौ (doṣau) - vices, defects (faults, vices, defects)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of doṣa
doṣa - fault, defect, vice, sin, harm
From root duṣ (to be bad, corrupt).
Root: duṣ (class 4)
Note: Refers to gambling and contests of chance.
पृथिवीक्षिताम् (pṛthivīkṣitām) - of rulers, kings (of earth-protectors, of kings)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of pṛthivīkṣit
pṛthivīkṣit - earth-protector, king, ruler
Compound of pṛthivī (earth) and kṣit (ruling, possessing, from kṣi).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+kṣit)
- pṛthivī – earth, ground
noun (feminine)
Root: pṛth - kṣit – ruler, dweller, possessor
noun (masculine)
From root kṣi (to dwell, rule).
Root: kṣi (class 1)
Note: Indicates possession or relation ("of rulers").