मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-261
तान विदित्वा सुचरितैर्गूढैस्तत्कर्मकारिभिः ।
चारैश्चानेकसंस्थानैः प्रोत्साद्य वशमानयेत ॥२६१॥
चारैश्चानेकसंस्थानैः प्रोत्साद्य वशमानयेत ॥२६१॥
261. tān viditvā sucaritairgūḍhaistatkarmakāribhiḥ ,
cāraiścānekasaṁsthānaiḥ protsādya vaśamānayet.
cāraiścānekasaṁsthānaiḥ protsādya vaśamānayet.
261.
tān viditvā sucaritaiḥ gūḍhaiḥ tatkarmakāribhiḥ
cāraiḥ ca anekasaṃsthānaiḥ protsādya vaśam ānayet
cāraiḥ ca anekasaṃsthānaiḥ protsādya vaśam ānayet
261.
tān viditvā sucaritaiḥ gūḍhaiḥ tatkarmakāribhiḥ
ca anekasaṃsthānaiḥ cāraiḥ protsādya vaśam ānayet
ca anekasaṃsthānaiḥ cāraiḥ protsādya vaśam ānayet
261.
Having ascertained them (the public nuisances) through well-performing, hidden agents who execute specific tasks, and by spies (cāra) of diverse appearances, one should then suppress them and bring them under control.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तान् (tān) - refers to the public nuisances listed in previous verses (them, those)
- विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known, having ascertained, having identified
- सुचरितैः (sucaritaiḥ) - by accomplished (spies/agents) (by those of good conduct, by those well-behaved, by the accomplished)
- गूढैः (gūḍhaiḥ) - by hidden (spies/agents) (by secret, by hidden)
- तत्कर्मकारिभिः (tatkarmakāribhiḥ) - by (spies/agents) executing specific tasks (i.e., identifying and suppressing the wicked) (by those performing those tasks, by agents executing specific duties)
- चारैः (cāraiḥ) - by spies, by secret emissaries
- च (ca) - and, also
- अनेकसंस्थानैः (anekasaṁsthānaiḥ) - by (spies/agents) of diverse appearances (by those of many forms, by those of various disguises)
- प्रोत्साद्य (protsādya) - having driven away, having suppressed, having eradicated
- वशम् (vaśam) - into (one's) control (control, power, submission)
- आनयेत् (ānayet) - one should bring, one should lead
Words meanings and morphology
तान् (tān) - refers to the public nuisances listed in previous verses (them, those)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Demonstrative pronoun.
विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known, having ascertained, having identified
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (gerund)
Formed by adding 'tvā' suffix to root 'vid'.
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: It is a gerund (indeclinable participle).
सुचरितैः (sucaritaiḥ) - by accomplished (spies/agents) (by those of good conduct, by those well-behaved, by the accomplished)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of sucarita
sucarita - well-conducted, well-behaved, virtuous, proper, accomplished
Past Passive Participle
Compound: 'su' (good, well) + 'carita' (conducted, behaved). 'carita' is PPP from 'car'.
Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+carita)
- su – good, well, excellent
indeclinable
Prefix indicating 'good' or 'well'. - carita – done, performed, behaved, conduct
noun/adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'car' (to move, act, behave).
Root: car (class 1)
गूढैः (gūḍhaiḥ) - by hidden (spies/agents) (by secret, by hidden)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of gūḍha
gūḍha - hidden, secret, concealed, mysterious
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'guh' (to hide).
Root: guh (class 1)
तत्कर्मकारिभिः (tatkarmakāribhiḥ) - by (spies/agents) executing specific tasks (i.e., identifying and suppressing the wicked) (by those performing those tasks, by agents executing specific duties)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of tatkarmakārin
tatkarmakārin - performing that action, doing that work
Compound: 'tat' (that) + 'karma' (action) + 'kārin' (doer).
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (tat+karma+kārin)
- tat – that, those
pronoun (neuter)
Demonstrative pronoun neuter singular nominative/accusative, or base form. - karma – action, deed, work, duty
noun (neuter)
From root 'kṛ'.
Root: kṛ (class 8) - kārin – doer, maker, performing
noun (masculine)
Agent noun
Suffix 'ṇin' added to 'kṛ'.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
चारैः (cāraiḥ) - by spies, by secret emissaries
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of cāra
cāra - a spy, secret emissary, informer
From root 'car' (to move, wander).
Root: car (class 1)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
अनेकसंस्थानैः (anekasaṁsthānaiḥ) - by (spies/agents) of diverse appearances (by those of many forms, by those of various disguises)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of anekasaṃsthāna
anekasaṁsthāna - having many forms/shapes/disguises, various appearances
Compound: 'aneka' (many) + 'saṃsthāna' (form, appearance, disguise).
Compound type : bahuvrihi (aneka+saṃsthāna)
- aneka – many, various, not one
adjective (masculine)
Compound of 'a' (negation) + 'eka' (one). - saṃsthāna – form, shape, appearance, disguise, arrangement
noun (neuter)
From 'sam' + 'sthā' (to stand).
Prefix: sam
Root: sthā (class 1)
प्रोत्साद्य (protsādya) - having driven away, having suppressed, having eradicated
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (gerund)
From 'pra' + 'ut' + 'sad' (to sit, perish).
Prefixes: pra+ut
Root: sad (class 1)
Note: It is a gerund (indeclinable participle).
वशम् (vaśam) - into (one's) control (control, power, submission)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa
vaśa - will, power, control, authority, submission
From root 'vaś' (to wish, desire, command).
Root: vaś (class 10)
आनयेत् (ānayet) - one should bring, one should lead
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of ānī
Optative, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular
From root 'nī' with prefix 'ā'.
Prefix: ā
Root: nī (class 1)