मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-298
चारेणोत्साहयोगेन क्रिययैव च कर्मणाम ।
स्वशक्तिं परशक्तिं च नित्यं विद्यान्महीपतिः ॥२९८॥
स्वशक्तिं परशक्तिं च नित्यं विद्यान्महीपतिः ॥२९८॥
298. cāreṇotsāhayogena kriyayaiva ca karmaṇām ,
svaśaktiṁ paraśaktiṁ ca nityaṁ vidyānmahīpatiḥ.
svaśaktiṁ paraśaktiṁ ca nityaṁ vidyānmahīpatiḥ.
298.
cāreṇa utsāhayogena kriyayā eva ca karmaṇām
svaśaktim paraśaktim ca nityam vidyāt mahīpatiḥ
svaśaktim paraśaktim ca nityam vidyāt mahīpatiḥ
298.
mahīpatiḥ cāreṇa utsāhayogena kriyayā ca karmaṇām
eva svaśaktim ca paraśaktim nityam vidyāt
eva svaśaktim ca paraśaktim nityam vidyāt
298.
A king should always ascertain his own power (śakti) and the power (śakti) of his adversaries by means of spies, through the application of energy, and by his own actions.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- चारेण (cāreṇa) - by means of intelligence gathering or secret agents (by means of a spy, by secret agents, by movement)
- उत्साहयोगेन (utsāhayogena) - by the application of zeal and energy (by the application of energy, by the conjunction of enthusiasm)
- क्रियया (kriyayā) - by one's own actions or initiatives (by action, by deed, by activity)
- एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the preceding word (indeed, only, certainly)
- च (ca) - and
- कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of (his own) actions (related to governance) (of actions, of deeds)
- स्वशक्तिम् (svaśaktim) - his own strength or military power (one's own power, one's own strength)
- परशक्तिम् (paraśaktim) - the strength or military power of his adversaries (another's power, enemy's strength)
- च (ca) - and
- नित्यम् (nityam) - at all times, continually (always, constantly, perpetually)
- विद्यात् (vidyāt) - he should constantly ascertain or know (he should know, he should understand)
- महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - the sovereign ruler (king, ruler of the earth)
Words meanings and morphology
चारेण (cāreṇa) - by means of intelligence gathering or secret agents (by means of a spy, by secret agents, by movement)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of cāra
cāra - a spy, a secret agent, movement, going
Root: car (class 1)
उत्साहयोगेन (utsāhayogena) - by the application of zeal and energy (by the application of energy, by the conjunction of enthusiasm)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of utsāhayoga
utsāhayoga - application of energy, conjunction of enthusiasm
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (utsāha+yoga)
- utsāha – energy, enthusiasm, zeal
noun (masculine)
Prefix: ud
Root: sah (class 1) - yoga – application, conjunction, union, discipline
noun (masculine)
Root: yuj (class 7)
क्रियया (kriyayā) - by one's own actions or initiatives (by action, by deed, by activity)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of kriyā
kriyā - action, activity, deed, ritual
Root: kṛ (class 8)
एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the preceding word (indeed, only, certainly)
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of (his own) actions (related to governance) (of actions, of deeds)
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, plural of karman
karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Used here in a broader sense, 'actions' generally.
स्वशक्तिम् (svaśaktim) - his own strength or military power (one's own power, one's own strength)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of svaśakti
svaśakti - one's own power, inherent strength
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+śakti)
- sva – own, one's own
pronoun (masculine) - śakti – power, strength, energy, capability
noun (feminine)
Root: śak (class 5)
परशक्तिम् (paraśaktim) - the strength or military power of his adversaries (another's power, enemy's strength)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of paraśakti
paraśakti - another's power, enemy's strength
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+śakti)
- para – other, enemy, supreme
pronoun (masculine) - śakti – power, strength, energy, capability
noun (feminine)
Root: śak (class 5)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
नित्यम् (nityam) - at all times, continually (always, constantly, perpetually)
(indeclinable)
Note: Accusative singular neuter of an adjective used adverbially.
विद्यात् (vidyāt) - he should constantly ascertain or know (he should know, he should understand)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vid
optative mood
3rd person singular, active voice, optative mood
Root: vid (class 2)
महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - the sovereign ruler (king, ruler of the earth)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati
mahīpati - lord of the earth, king
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)
- mahī – earth, ground
noun (feminine) - pati – lord, master, husband, ruler
noun (masculine)