मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-151
त्र्यंशं दायाद हरेद विप्रो द्वावंशौ क्षत्रियासुतः ।
वैश्याजः सार्धमेवांशमंशं शूद्रासुतो हरेत ॥१५१॥
वैश्याजः सार्धमेवांशमंशं शूद्रासुतो हरेत ॥१५१॥
151. tryaṁśaṁ dāyād hared vipro dvāvaṁśau kṣatriyāsutaḥ ,
vaiśyājaḥ sārdhamevāṁśamaṁśaṁ śūdrāsuto haret.
vaiśyājaḥ sārdhamevāṁśamaṁśaṁ śūdrāsuto haret.
151.
tryaṃśam dāyādaḥ haret vipraḥ dvau aṃśau kṣatriyāsutaḥ
vaiśyājaḥ sārdham eva aṃśam aṃśam śūdrāsutaḥ haret
vaiśyājaḥ sārdham eva aṃśam aṃśam śūdrāsutaḥ haret
151.
dāyādaḥ vipraḥ tryaṃśam haret kṣatriyāsutaḥ dvau aṃśau haret
vaiśyājaḥ sārdham eva aṃśam haret śūdrāsutaḥ aṃśam haret
vaiśyājaḥ sārdham eva aṃśam haret śūdrāsutaḥ aṃśam haret
151.
A brahmin heir should take three shares. A son born from a Kṣatriya woman should take two shares. A son born from a Vaiśya woman should take one and a half shares, and a son born from a Śūdra woman should take one share.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- त्र्यंशम् (tryaṁśam) - three portions of inheritance (three shares, a third part)
- दायादः (dāyādaḥ) - the heir (who takes a share) (heir, inheritor, kinsman)
- हरेत् (haret) - should inherit or take (as a share) (should take, may take, should carry away)
- विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a brahmin (as an heir) (brahmin, wise man, inspired)
- द्वौ (dvau) - two (referring to shares) (two)
- अंशौ (aṁśau) - two shares (shares, portions)
- क्षत्रियासुतः (kṣatriyāsutaḥ) - a son born from a Kṣatriya mother (likely to a higher varṇa father) (son of a Kṣatriya woman, Kṣatriya's son)
- वैश्याजः (vaiśyājaḥ) - a son born from a Vaiśya mother (likely to a higher varṇa father) (son of a Vaiśya woman, Vaiśya's son)
- सार्धम् (sārdham) - one and a half (as in 1.5 shares) (with, together with half, one and a half)
- एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the value (only, just, indeed, certainly)
- अंशम् (aṁśam) - a share (used in conjunction with 'sārdham' to mean 1.5 shares) (share, portion, part)
- अंशम् (aṁśam) - one share (share, portion, part)
- शूद्रासुतः (śūdrāsutaḥ) - a son born from a Śūdra mother (likely to a higher varṇa father) (son of a Śūdra woman, Śūdra's son)
- हरेत् (haret) - should inherit or take (as a share) (should take, may take, should carry away)
Words meanings and morphology
त्र्यंशम् (tryaṁśam) - three portions of inheritance (three shares, a third part)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tryaṃśa
tryaṁśa - three shares, a third part
Compound of tri (three) and aṃśa (share).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tri+aṃśa)
- tri – three
numeral - aṃśa – share, portion, part
noun (masculine)
Root: aṃś (class 1)
Note: Accusative singular as direct object of 'haret'.
दायादः (dāyādaḥ) - the heir (who takes a share) (heir, inheritor, kinsman)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dāyāda
dāyāda - heir, inheritor, kinsman, relative
Compound of dāya (inheritance) and ada (taker).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dāya+ada)
- dāya – inheritance, gift, share
noun (masculine)
Root: dā (class 3) - ada – eating, receiving, taking
adjective
Suffix -a from root 'ad' (to eat/take).
Root: ad (class 2)
हरेत् (haret) - should inherit or take (as a share) (should take, may take, should carry away)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of hṛ
Root: hṛ (class 1)
विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a brahmin (as an heir) (brahmin, wise man, inspired)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra
vipra - brahmin, wise man, inspired, priest
Note: Subject of 'haret'.
द्वौ (dvau) - two (referring to shares) (two)
(numeral)
Note: Refers to 'aṃśau'.
अंशौ (aṁśau) - two shares (shares, portions)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, dual of aṃśa
aṁśa - share, portion, part
Root: aṃś (class 1)
Note: Direct object of 'haret'. 'dvau aṃśau' is dual accusative.
क्षत्रियासुतः (kṣatriyāsutaḥ) - a son born from a Kṣatriya mother (likely to a higher varṇa father) (son of a Kṣatriya woman, Kṣatriya's son)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriyāsuta
kṣatriyāsuta - son of a Kṣatriya woman, Kṣatriya's son
Compound of kṣatriyā (Kṣatriya woman) and suta (son).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatriyā+suta)
- kṣatriyā – Kṣatriya woman
noun (feminine) - suta – son, child
noun (masculine)
Past Passive Participle (from sū)
Derived from root sū (to bear, produce).
Root: sū (class 2)
Note: Subject of an implied 'haret'.
वैश्याजः (vaiśyājaḥ) - a son born from a Vaiśya mother (likely to a higher varṇa father) (son of a Vaiśya woman, Vaiśya's son)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśyāja
vaiśyāja - son of a Vaiśya woman, Vaiśya's son
Compound of vaiśyā (Vaiśya woman) and ja (born).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaiśyā+ja)
- vaiśyā – Vaiśya woman
noun (feminine) - ja – born, produced from
adjective
Derived from root jan (to be born).
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Subject of an implied 'haret'.
सार्धम् (sārdham) - one and a half (as in 1.5 shares) (with, together with half, one and a half)
(indeclinable)
Compound of sa (with) and ardha (half).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+ardha)
- sa – with, together
indeclinable - ardha – half, part
noun (neuter)
Note: Adverbially modifies the quantity of 'aṃśam'. In this context, 'sārdham aṃśam' means 'one and a half shares'.
एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the value (only, just, indeed, certainly)
(indeclinable)
अंशम् (aṁśam) - a share (used in conjunction with 'sārdham' to mean 1.5 shares) (share, portion, part)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of aṃśa
aṁśa - share, portion, part
Root: aṃś (class 1)
Note: Direct object of an implied 'haret'.
अंशम् (aṁśam) - one share (share, portion, part)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of aṃśa
aṁśa - share, portion, part
Root: aṃś (class 1)
Note: Direct object of 'haret'.
शूद्रासुतः (śūdrāsutaḥ) - a son born from a Śūdra mother (likely to a higher varṇa father) (son of a Śūdra woman, Śūdra's son)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdrāsuta
śūdrāsuta - son of a Śūdra woman, Śūdra's son
Compound of śūdrā (Śūdra woman) and suta (son).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śūdrā+suta)
- śūdrā – Śūdra woman
noun (feminine) - suta – son, child
noun (masculine)
Past Passive Participle (from sū)
Derived from root sū (to bear, produce).
Root: sū (class 2)
Note: Subject of 'haret'.
हरेत् (haret) - should inherit or take (as a share) (should take, may take, should carry away)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of hṛ
Root: hṛ (class 1)