मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-157
शूद्रस्य तु सवर्णैव नान्या भार्या विधीयते ।
तस्यां जाताः समांशाः स्युर्यदि पुत्रशतं भवेत ॥१५७॥
तस्यां जाताः समांशाः स्युर्यदि पुत्रशतं भवेत ॥१५७॥
157. śūdrasya tu savarṇaiva nānyā bhāryā vidhīyate ,
tasyāṁ jātāḥ samāṁśāḥ syuryadi putraśataṁ bhavet.
tasyāṁ jātāḥ samāṁśāḥ syuryadi putraśataṁ bhavet.
157.
śūdrasya tu savarṇā eva na anyā bhāryā vidhīyate
tasyām jātāḥ samāṃśāḥ syuḥ yadi putraśatam bhavet
tasyām jātāḥ samāṃśāḥ syuḥ yadi putraśatam bhavet
157.
śūdrasya tu savarṇā eva bhāryā vidhīyate anyā na
yadi putraśatam bhavet tasyām jātāḥ samāṃśāḥ syuḥ
yadi putraśatam bhavet tasyām jātāḥ samāṃśāḥ syuḥ
157.
For a śūdra, only a wife of his own social class is prescribed; no other wife is ordained. Sons born to her will have equal shares, even if there are a hundred sons.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of a śūdra, for a śūdra
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet
- सवर्णा (savarṇā) - of the same class, a wife of the same class
- एव (eva) - only, just, indeed
- न (na) - not, no
- अन्या (anyā) - another, other
- भार्या (bhāryā) - wife
- विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed, is ordained, is laid down
- तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that wife (the savarṇā bhāryā) (in her, from her)
- जाताः (jātāḥ) - born, produced
- समांशाः (samāṁśāḥ) - having equal shares
- स्युः (syuḥ) - they may be, they should be
- यदि (yadi) - if
- पुत्रशतम् (putraśatam) - a hundred sons, a large number of sons
- भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be
Words meanings and morphology
शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of a śūdra, for a śūdra
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - member of the fourth social class
Note: Indicates possession or relation.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet
(indeclinable)
Note: Provides emphasis or a slight contrast.
सवर्णा (savarṇā) - of the same class, a wife of the same class
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of savarṇā
savarṇā - of the same color/class; a woman of the same social class
Feminine form of savarṇa.
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+varṇa)
- sa – with, together with
prefix - varṇa – color, class, caste
noun (masculine)
Note: Modifies 'bhāryā'.
एव (eva) - only, just, indeed
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle, emphasizing "only of the same class."
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates 'anyā bhāryā'.
अन्या (anyā) - another, other
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of anya
anya - other, another
Note: Modifies 'bhāryā'.
भार्या (bhāryā) - wife
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā
bhāryā - wife (one to be maintained)
Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
From root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support) with suffix -ṇya.
Root: bhṛ (class 1)
Note: Subject of 'vidhīyate'.
विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed, is ordained, is laid down
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vidhā
Present passive, 3rd person singular
From 'vi' + root 'dhā' (to place, put).
Prefix: vi
Root: dhā (class 3)
तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that wife (the savarṇā bhāryā) (in her, from her)
(pronoun)
Locative, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, she, it
Note: Refers to the savarṇā bhāryā.
जाताः (jātāḥ) - born, produced
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of jāta
jāta - born, produced, arisen
Past Passive Participle
From root 'jan' (to be born).
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Modifies implied 'putrāḥ'.
समांशाः (samāṁśāḥ) - having equal shares
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of samāṃśa
samāṁśa - having equal shares, equal share
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sama+aṃśa)
- sama – equal, same
adjective - aṃśa – share, portion
noun (masculine)
Note: Predicate adjective for 'jātāḥ'.
स्युः (syuḥ) - they may be, they should be
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as
Optative mood, 3rd person plural
From root 'as' (class 2) with optative ending.
Root: as (class 2)
यदि (yadi) - if
(indeclinable)
Note: Introduces a condition.
पुत्रशतम् (putraśatam) - a hundred sons, a large number of sons
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of putraśata
putraśata - a hundred sons, many sons
Compound type : dvigu (putra+śata)
- putra – son
noun (masculine) - śata – hundred
numeral (neuter)
Note: Can mean literally 100 sons, or figuratively "many sons".
भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū
Optative mood, 3rd person singular
From root 'bhū' (class 1) with optative ending.
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Forms the conditional clause with 'yadi'.