मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-222
प्रकाशमेतत तास्कर्यं यद देवनसमाह्वयौ ।
तयोर्नित्यं प्रतीघाते नृपतिर्यत्नवान भवेत ॥२२२॥
तयोर्नित्यं प्रतीघाते नृपतिर्यत्नवान भवेत ॥२२२॥
222. prakāśametat tāskaryaṁ yad devanasamāhvayau ,
tayornityaṁ pratīghāte nṛpatiryatnavān bhavet.
tayornityaṁ pratīghāte nṛpatiryatnavān bhavet.
222.
prakāśam etat tāskaryam yat devanasamāhvayau
tayoḥ nityam pratīghāte nṛpatiḥ yatnavān bhavet
tayoḥ nityam pratīghāte nṛpatiḥ yatnavān bhavet
222.
देवनसमाह्वयौ यत् एतत् प्रकाशम् तास्कर्यम् (अस्ति),
नृपतिः तयोः नित्यम् प्रतीघाते यत्नवान् भवेत
नृपतिः तयोः नित्यम् प्रतीघाते यत्नवान् भवेत
222.
This open theft, which is gambling (dyūta) and challenging (samāhvaya), the king should always be diligent in suppressing.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- प्रकाशम् (prakāśam) - open, evident (openly, publicly, clearly)
- एतत् (etat) - this (this, this one)
- तास्कर्यम् (tāskaryam) - theft, thievery (theft, robbery, thievery)
- यत् (yat) - which, that (which, that (relative pronoun))
- देवनसमाह्वयौ (devanasamāhvayau) - gambling (dyūta) and challenging (samāhvaya) (gambling and public challenge/wager)
- तयोः (tayoḥ) - of these two (gambling and challenging) (of them, of both)
- नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly (always, constantly, perpetually)
- प्रतीघाते (pratīghāte) - in preventing/suppressing (in opposition, in warding off, in prevention)
- नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king (king, lord of men)
- यत्नवान् (yatnavān) - diligent, striving (diligent, assiduous, striving)
- भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (should be, may be, would be)
Words meanings and morphology
प्रकाशम् (prakāśam) - open, evident (openly, publicly, clearly)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of prakāśa
prakāśa - light, brightness, manifestation, openness, publicity
Prefix: pra
Root: kāś (class 1)
एतत् (etat) - this (this, this one)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this, this one
तास्कर्यम् (tāskaryam) - theft, thievery (theft, robbery, thievery)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tāskarya
tāskarya - thievery, theft, robbery
Derived from taskara (thief) + ṣyaÑ (abstract noun suffix)
Note: Predicate nominative.
यत् (yat) - which, that (which, that (relative pronoun))
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, that, what
Note: Refers to the concept of tāskaryam.
देवनसमाह्वयौ (devanasamāhvayau) - gambling (dyūta) and challenging (samāhvaya) (gambling and public challenge/wager)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of devanasamāhvaya
devanasamāhvaya - gambling and public challenge/wager
Compound type : dvandva (devana+samāhvaya)
- devana – gambling, play, dice
noun (neuter)
agent noun
from div + lyuṬ
Root: div (class 4) - samāhvaya – challenge, wager, a game involving living creatures (like cock-fighting)
noun (masculine)
action noun
from sam-ā-hvā + ghAÑ
Prefixes: sam+ā
Root: hvā (class 1)
Note: Dvandva compound, refers to the two activities.
तयोः (tayoḥ) - of these two (gambling and challenging) (of them, of both)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, dual of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to devanasamāhvayau.
नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly (always, constantly, perpetually)
(indeclinable)
Note: Used as an adverb.
प्रतीघाते (pratīghāte) - in preventing/suppressing (in opposition, in warding off, in prevention)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of pratīghāta
pratīghāta - opposition, obstruction, warding off, prevention, suppression
from prati-han + ghaÑ
Prefix: prati
Root: han (class 2)
Note: Indicates the sphere of activity for the king's diligence.
नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king (king, lord of men)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati
nṛpati - king, lord of men
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)
- nṛ – man, human being
noun (masculine) - pati – master, lord, owner, husband
noun (masculine)
Note: Subject of the sentence.
यत्नवान् (yatnavān) - diligent, striving (diligent, assiduous, striving)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yatnavat
yatnavat - diligent, assiduous, striving, making effort
possessive suffix -vat
Note: Adjective modifying nṛpatiḥ.
भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (should be, may be, would be)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Expresses prescription or injunction.