मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-295
सप्तानां प्रकृतीनां तु राज्यस्यासां यथाक्रमम ।
पूर्वं पूर्वं गुरुतरं जानीयाद व्यसनं महत ॥२९५॥
पूर्वं पूर्वं गुरुतरं जानीयाद व्यसनं महत ॥२९५॥
295. saptānāṁ prakṛtīnāṁ tu rājyasyāsāṁ yathākramam ,
pūrvaṁ pūrvaṁ gurutaraṁ jānīyād vyasanaṁ mahat.
pūrvaṁ pūrvaṁ gurutaraṁ jānīyād vyasanaṁ mahat.
295.
saptānām prakṛtīnām tu rājyasya āsām yathākramam
pūrvam pūrvam gurutaram jānīyāt vyasanam mahat
pūrvam pūrvam gurutaram jānīyāt vyasanam mahat
295.
āsām rājyasya saptānām prakṛtīnām tu yathākramam
pūrvam pūrvam gurutaram mahat vyasanam jānīyāt
pūrvam pūrvam gurutaram mahat vyasanam jānīyāt
295.
Among these seven constituent elements (prakṛti) of the kingdom (rājya), in their proper sequence, one should understand each preceding one to be a greater calamity (vyasana).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सप्तानाम् (saptānām) - of the seven
- प्रकृतीनाम् (prakṛtīnām) - of the constituent elements (prakṛti) (of the natures, of the constituents, of the elements)
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, moreover
- राज्यस्य (rājyasya) - of the kingdom (rājya) (of the kingdom, of the state)
- आसाम् (āsām) - of these
- यथाक्रमम् (yathākramam) - in their proper sequence (in due order, successively, as appropriate)
- पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - each preceding one (earlier, former, preceding)
- पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - each preceding one (earlier, former, preceding)
- गुरुतरम् (gurutaram) - more serious (heavier, more serious, more important)
- जानीयात् (jānīyāt) - one should understand (one should know, one should understand)
- व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - a calamity (vyasana) (calamity, misfortune, addiction, vice)
- महत् (mahat) - greater (great, large, important)
Words meanings and morphology
सप्तानाम् (saptānām) - of the seven
(adjective)
Genitive, feminine, plural of sapta
sapta - seven
प्रकृतीनाम् (prakṛtīnām) - of the constituent elements (prakṛti) (of the natures, of the constituents, of the elements)
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, plural of prakṛti
prakṛti - nature, original form, constituent, element
Prefix: pra
Root: kṛ (class 8)
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, moreover
(indeclinable)
राज्यस्य (rājyasya) - of the kingdom (rājya) (of the kingdom, of the state)
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of rājya
rājya - kingdom, state, sovereignty
Root: rāj
आसाम् (āsām) - of these
(pronoun)
Genitive, feminine, plural of idam
idam - this, these
यथाक्रमम् (yathākramam) - in their proper sequence (in due order, successively, as appropriate)
(indeclinable)
Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+krama)
- yathā – as, according to
indeclinable - krama – order, sequence, step
noun (masculine)
Root: kram (class 1)
पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - each preceding one (earlier, former, preceding)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrva
pūrva - former, prior, east, preceding
Note: Used adverbially or as a substantive in neuter singular. Repetition 'pūrvaṃ pūrvaṃ' implies 'each successive preceding one'.
पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - each preceding one (earlier, former, preceding)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrva
pūrva - former, prior, east, preceding
Note: Used adverbially or as a substantive in neuter singular. Repetition 'pūrvaṃ pūrvaṃ' implies 'each successive preceding one'.
गुरुतरम् (gurutaram) - more serious (heavier, more serious, more important)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of gurutara
gurutara - heavier, more important, more serious
Comparative suffix -tara added to guru
जानीयात् (jānīyāt) - one should understand (one should know, one should understand)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of jñā
optative active
root jñā, IX class, optative active 3rd person singular
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Implied agent is 'one'.
व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - a calamity (vyasana) (calamity, misfortune, addiction, vice)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of vyasana
vyasana - calamity, misfortune, addiction, vice, disaster
Prefixes: vi+as
Root: as (class 4)
महत् (mahat) - greater (great, large, important)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat
mahat - great, large, important, mighty
present active participle
root mah, present participle forming adjective
Root: mah (class 1)
Note: Nominative/accusative singular neuter, agreeing with 'vyasanam' which is the object of 'jānīyāt'.