मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-230
स्त्रीबालोन्मत्तवृद्धानां दरिद्राणां च रोगिणाम ।
शिफाविदलरज्ज्वाद्यैर्विदध्यात्नृपतिर्दमम ॥२३०॥
शिफाविदलरज्ज्वाद्यैर्विदध्यात्नृपतिर्दमम ॥२३०॥
230. strībālonmattavṛddhānāṁ daridrāṇāṁ ca rogiṇām ,
śiphāvidalarajjvādyairvidadhyātnṛpatirdamam.
śiphāvidalarajjvādyairvidadhyātnṛpatirdamam.
230.
strībālonmattavṛddhānām daridrāṇām ca rogiṇām
śiphāvidalarajju ādyaiḥ vidadhyāt nṛpatiḥ damanam
śiphāvidalarajju ādyaiḥ vidadhyāt nṛpatiḥ damanam
230.
nṛpatiḥ strībālonmattavṛddhānām daridrāṇām ca
rogiṇām śiphāvidalarajju ādyaiḥ damanam vidadhyāt
rogiṇām śiphāvidalarajju ādyaiḥ damanam vidadhyāt
230.
The king should inflict punishment upon women, children, the insane, the elderly, the poor, and the sick using mild instruments such as roots, twigs, or ropes.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- स्त्रीबालोन्मत्तवृद्धानाम् (strībālonmattavṛddhānām) - of women, children, madmen, and old people
- दरिद्राणाम् (daridrāṇām) - of the poor
- च (ca) - and
- रोगिणाम् (rogiṇām) - of the sick
- शिफाविदलरज्जु (śiphāvidalarajju) - roots, twigs, and ropes
- आद्यैः (ādyaiḥ) - by means of similar gentle instruments (by means of others, by means of such, etc.)
- विदध्यात् (vidadhyāt) - should inflict (punishment) (should inflict, should ordain, should perform)
- नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king, ruler
- दमनम् (damanam) - punishment (by the king) (punishment, control, subduing)
Words meanings and morphology
स्त्रीबालोन्मत्तवृद्धानाम् (strībālonmattavṛddhānām) - of women, children, madmen, and old people
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of strībālonmattavṛddha
strībālonmattavṛddha - women, children, madmen, and old people
Compound type : dvandva (strī+bāla+unmatta+vṛddha)
- strī – woman, female
noun (feminine) - bāla – child, young, boy
noun (masculine) - unmatta – mad, insane, infatuated
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from verb root mad (to be drunk, mad) with upasarga ud (up, out).
Prefix: ud
Root: mad (class 4) - vṛddha – old, aged, grown
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from verb root vṛdh (to grow, increase).
Root: vṛdh (class 1)
दरिद्राणाम् (daridrāṇām) - of the poor
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of daridra
daridra - poor, needy
Root: daridrā (class 2)
Note: Qualifies persons, hence masculine.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
रोगिणाम् (rogiṇām) - of the sick
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of rogin
rogin - sick, ill, diseased; a sick person
Derived from 'roga' (sickness) + 'in' suffix.
Note: Qualifies persons, hence masculine.
शिफाविदलरज्जु (śiphāvidalarajju) - roots, twigs, and ropes
(noun)
feminine, singular of śiphāvidalarajju
śiphāvidalarajju - roots, twigs, and ropes (as instruments of punishment)
Compound type : dvandva (śiphā+vidala+rajju)
- śiphā – root, fibrous root
noun (feminine) - vidala – twig, sprout, leaf
noun (neuter) - rajju – rope, cord, string
noun (feminine)
Note: This is the first part of an instrumental plural expression with 'ādyaiḥ'.
आद्यैः (ādyaiḥ) - by means of similar gentle instruments (by means of others, by means of such, etc.)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of ādi
ādi - beginning, first; and so on, etc.
Note: In conjunction with the preceding compound, means 'by means of roots, twigs, ropes and others (like them)'.
विदध्यात् (vidadhyāt) - should inflict (punishment) (should inflict, should ordain, should perform)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of dhā
optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular
Root dhā, with upasarga vi (separation, distribution, intensity).
Prefix: vi
Root: dhā (class 3)
नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king, ruler
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati
nṛpati - king, lord of men
Compound of nṛ (man) + pati (master).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)
- nṛ – man, person
noun (masculine) - pati – master, lord, husband
noun (masculine)
दमनम् (damanam) - punishment (by the king) (punishment, control, subduing)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of damana
damana - subduing, taming, punishment, control
action noun
From root dam (to subdue, control) + ana suffix.
Root: dam (class 1)