मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-312
एतैरुपायैरन्यैश्च युक्तो नित्यमतन्द्रितः ।
स्तेनान राजा निगृह्णीयात स्वराष्ट्रे पर एव च ॥३१२॥
स्तेनान राजा निगृह्णीयात स्वराष्ट्रे पर एव च ॥३१२॥
312. etairupāyairanyaiśca yukto nityamatandritaḥ ,
stenān rājā nigṛhṇīyāt svarāṣṭre para eva ca.
stenān rājā nigṛhṇīyāt svarāṣṭre para eva ca.
312.
etaiḥ upāyaiḥ anyaiḥ ca yuktaḥ nityam atandritaḥ
stenān rājā nigṛhṇīyāt svarāṣṭre pare eva ca
stenān rājā nigṛhṇīyāt svarāṣṭre pare eva ca
312.
rājā etaiḥ anyaiḥ ca upāyaiḥ yuktaḥ nityam
atandritaḥ svarāṣṭre eva ca pare stenān nigṛhṇīyāt
atandritaḥ svarāṣṭre eva ca pare stenān nigṛhṇīyāt
312.
Equipped with these and other means, a king, ever vigilant, should always restrain thieves in his own kingdom and indeed in another's as well.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these
- उपायैः (upāyaiḥ) - by means, by expedients, by methods
- अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others, by other (means)
- च (ca) - and, also
- युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed with, joined, equipped
- नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly
- अतन्द्रितः (atandritaḥ) - vigilant, unwearied, active, diligent
- स्तेनान् (stenān) - thieves
- राजा (rājā) - king, ruler
- निगृह्णीयात् (nigṛhṇīyāt) - should restrain, should punish, should control
- स्वराष्ट्रे (svarāṣṭre) - in one's own kingdom/country
- परे (pare) - in another's kingdom (in another's (kingdom/domain))
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just
- च (ca) - and, also
Words meanings and morphology
एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Agrees with upāyaiḥ.
उपायैः (upāyaiḥ) - by means, by expedients, by methods
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of upāya
upāya - means, expedient, method, resource, device
Compound of 'upa-' (towards) and root 'i-' (to go).
Prefix: upa
Root: i (class 2)
अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others, by other (means)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya
anya - other, another, different
Indefinite pronoun.
Note: Implies "by other means."
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
Note: Connects "these means" and "other means".
युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed with, joined, equipped
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta
yukta - joined, endowed with, engaged in, connected, appropriate
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root yuj- (to join) with suffix -ta.
Root: yuj (class 7)
Note: Qualifies rājā.
नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly
(indeclinable)
Can also function as an adverb in accusative neuter singular.
Note: Used as an adverb here.
अतन्द्रितः (atandritaḥ) - vigilant, unwearied, active, diligent
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of atandrita
atandrita - unwearied, vigilant, diligent, active, not sluggish
Negative prefix 'a-' + 'tandrita' (wearied, sluggish).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tandrita)
- a – not, un-, without
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - tandrita – wearied, sluggish, indolent
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from 'tandrā' (sluggishness).
Note: Qualifies rājā.
स्तेनान् (stenān) - thieves
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of stena
stena - thief, robber
Derived from root sten- (to steal).
Root: sten (class 1)
Note: Object of nigṛhṇīyāt.
राजा (rājā) - king, ruler
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler, sovereign
N-stem noun.
Root: rāj (class 1)
Note: Subject of the sentence.
निगृह्णीयात् (nigṛhṇīyāt) - should restrain, should punish, should control
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of nigṛh
Optative mood, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada.
Root grah- (to seize) with prefix ni-. Class 9 verb.
Prefix: ni
Root: grah (class 9)
स्वराष्ट्रे (svarāṣṭre) - in one's own kingdom/country
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of svarāṣṭra
svarāṣṭra - one's own kingdom, one's own country
Compound of 'sva' (own) and 'rāṣṭra' (kingdom).
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sva+rāṣṭra)
- sva – own, one's own
pronoun (neuter) - rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
noun (neuter)
Root: rāj (class 1)
परे (pare) - in another's kingdom (in another's (kingdom/domain))
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of para
para - other, another, supreme, distant, enemy
Locative singular masculine/neuter. Here implying 'in another's domain' (pararāṣṭre) or 'towards others'.
एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just
(indeclinable)
Emphatic particle.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
Note: Connects "in his own kingdom" and "in another's".