मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-257
प्रकाशवञ्चकास्तेषां नानापण्योपजीविनः ।
प्रच्छन्नवञ्चकास्त्वेते ये स्तेनाटविकादयः ॥२५७॥
प्रच्छन्नवञ्चकास्त्वेते ये स्तेनाटविकादयः ॥२५७॥
257. prakāśavañcakāsteṣāṁ nānāpaṇyopajīvinaḥ ,
pracchannavañcakāstvete ye stenāṭavikādayaḥ.
pracchannavañcakāstvete ye stenāṭavikādayaḥ.
257.
prakāśavañcakāḥ teṣām nānāpaṇyopajīvinaḥ
pracchannavañcakāḥ tu ete ye stenāṭavikādayaḥ
pracchannavañcakāḥ tu ete ye stenāṭavikādayaḥ
257.
teṣām prakāśavañcakāḥ nānāpaṇyopajīvinaḥ tu
ye stenāṭavikādayaḥ ete pracchannavañcakāḥ
ye stenāṭavikādayaḥ ete pracchannavañcakāḥ
257.
Among them, the overt deceivers are those who subsist by various merchandise and trades. However, those who are thieves, forest dwellers, and others are the covert deceivers.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- प्रकाशवञ्चकाः (prakāśavañcakāḥ) - overt deceivers, public cheats
- तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, among them
- नानापण्योपजीविनः (nānāpaṇyopajīvinaḥ) - those who live by various trades/merchandise
- प्रच्छन्नवञ्चकाः (pracchannavañcakāḥ) - covert deceivers, hidden cheats
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand
- एते (ete) - these
- ये (ye) - who, those who
- स्तेनाटविकादयः (stenāṭavikādayaḥ) - thieves, forest-dwellers, and others (etc.)
Words meanings and morphology
प्रकाशवञ्चकाः (prakāśavañcakāḥ) - overt deceivers, public cheats
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of prakāśavañcaka
prakāśavañcaka - overt deceiver, public cheat, open trickster
Compound of prakāśa (open, public) and vañcaka (deceiver)
Compound type : tatpurusha (prakāśa+vañcaka)
- prakāśa – manifest, visible, open, public
adjective
Prefix: pra-
Root: kāś (class 1) - vañcaka – deceiver, cheat, trickster
noun (masculine)
From root vañc (to deceive, cheat)
Root: vañc (class 1)
तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, among them
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine/neuter, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to the two kinds of thieves mentioned in the previous verse
नानापण्योपजीविनः (nānāpaṇyopajīvinaḥ) - those who live by various trades/merchandise
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of nānāpaṇyopajīvin
nānāpaṇyopajīvin - one who subsists by various goods/merchandise/trades
Compound of nānā (various), paṇya (merchandise) and upajīvin (one who lives by/subsists)
Compound type : tatpurusha (nānā+paṇya+upajīvin)
- nānā – various, manifold, diverse
indeclinable - paṇya – merchandise, goods, article for sale, trade
noun (neuter)
Gerundive/Nomen Agentis
From root paṇ (to barter, transact), meaning 'to be bought/sold' or 'commodity'
Root: paṇ (class 1) - upajīvin – one who lives by, subsists on, depends on
noun (masculine)
Agent noun from upajīv
From root jīv (to live) with prefix upa-
Prefix: upa-
Root: jīv (class 1)
प्रच्छन्नवञ्चकाः (pracchannavañcakāḥ) - covert deceivers, hidden cheats
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of pracchannavañcaka
pracchannavañcaka - hidden deceiver, secret cheat, disguised trickster
Compound of pracchanna (hidden, concealed) and vañcaka (deceiver)
Compound type : tatpurusha (pracchanna+vañcaka)
- pracchanna – hidden, concealed, secret
adjective
Past Passive Participle
From root chad (to cover) with prefix pra-
Prefix: pra-
Root: chad (class 1) - vañcaka – deceiver, cheat, trickster
noun (masculine)
Root: vañc (class 1)
तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand
(indeclinable)
एते (ete) - these
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
Note: Demonstrative pronoun
ये (ye) - who, those who
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Relative pronoun
स्तेनाटविकादयः (stenāṭavikādayaḥ) - thieves, forest-dwellers, and others (etc.)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of stenāṭavikādi
stenāṭavikādi - thieves, forest-dwellers, and others (etc.), a group beginning with thieves and forest-dwellers
Dvanda compound with 'ādi' (and so on) suffix, listing types of hidden deceivers.
Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (stena+āṭavika+ādi)
- stena – thief, robber
noun (masculine)
Root: stai (class 1) - āṭavika – forest-dweller, forester, highwayman
noun (masculine)
From aṭavi (forest) - ādi – beginning, etcetera, and so on
noun (masculine)