मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-188
सर्वेषामप्यभावे तु ब्राह्मणा रिक्थभागिनः ।
त्रैविद्याः शुचयो दान्तास्तथा धर्मो न हीयते ॥१८८॥
त्रैविद्याः शुचयो दान्तास्तथा धर्मो न हीयते ॥१८८॥
188. sarveṣāmapyabhāve tu brāhmaṇā rikthabhāginaḥ ,
traividyāḥ śucayo dāntāstathā dharmo na hīyate.
traividyāḥ śucayo dāntāstathā dharmo na hīyate.
188.
sarveṣām api abhāve tu brāhmaṇāḥ rikthabhāginaḥ
traividyāḥ śucayaḥ dāntāḥ tathā dharmaḥ na hīyate
traividyāḥ śucayaḥ dāntāḥ tathā dharmaḥ na hīyate
188.
tu sarveṣām api abhāve traividyāḥ śucayaḥ dāntāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ
rikthabhāginaḥ (bhavanti) tathā dharmaḥ na hīyate
rikthabhāginaḥ (bhavanti) tathā dharmaḥ na hīyate
188.
But even in the absence of all (such heirs), Brahmins who are learned in the three Vedas, pure, and self-controlled, become the inheritors. Thus, the intrinsic nature (dharma) of righteousness is not diminished.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all previous categories of heirs (of all)
- अपि (api) - even, also, too
- अभावे (abhāve) - in the event of their non-existence or unavailability (in the absence, in the non-existence)
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand
- ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins
- रिक्थभागिनः (rikthabhāginaḥ) - inheritors, sharers of inheritance
- त्रैविद्याः (traividyāḥ) - those versed in the three Vedas
- शुचयः (śucayaḥ) - pure, clean, virtuous
- दान्ताः (dāntāḥ) - self-controlled, disciplined, subdued
- तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law of justice and righteousness (law, righteousness, essential nature (dharma))
- न (na) - not
- हीयते (hīyate) - is not violated or undermined (is diminished, is lost, suffers, is violated)
Words meanings and morphology
सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all previous categories of heirs (of all)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole
अपि (api) - even, also, too
(indeclinable)
अभावे (abhāve) - in the event of their non-existence or unavailability (in the absence, in the non-existence)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of abhāva
abhāva - absence, non-existence, annihilation
तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand
(indeclinable)
ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, belonging to the priestly class
रिक्थभागिनः (rikthabhāginaḥ) - inheritors, sharers of inheritance
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of rikthabhāgin
rikthabhāgin - heir, inheritor
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (riktha+bhāgin)
- riktha – inheritance, legacy, property
noun (neuter) - bhāgin – sharer, participant, inheritor
adjective (masculine)
त्रैविद्याः (traividyāḥ) - those versed in the three Vedas
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of traividya
traividya - versed in the three Vedas, a Brahmin who has studied the three Vedas
Derived from trividyā (three Vedas) + suffix aṇ, or as a compound of tri and vidyā.
शुचयः (śucayaḥ) - pure, clean, virtuous
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of śuci
śuci - pure, clean, clear, bright, virtuous
दान्ताः (dāntāḥ) - self-controlled, disciplined, subdued
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dānta
dānta - tamed, controlled, self-controlled, patient
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root dam (to tame, control) with the suffix kta.
Root: dam (class 4)
तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner
(indeclinable)
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law of justice and righteousness (law, righteousness, essential nature (dharma))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - righteousness, duty, moral law, virtue, custom, essential nature
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
हीयते (hīyate) - is not violated or undermined (is diminished, is lost, suffers, is violated)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of hī
Passive voice formation
Passive voice form of the root hā (to abandon).
Root: hā (class 3)
Note: Can also be interpreted as middle voice of a root meaning to fail or be deprived.