मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-178
यं ब्राह्मणस्तु शूद्रायां कामादुत्पादयेत सुतम ।
स पारयन्नेव शवस्तस्मात पारशवः स्मृतः ॥१७८॥
स पारयन्नेव शवस्तस्मात पारशवः स्मृतः ॥१७८॥
178. yaṁ brāhmaṇastu śūdrāyāṁ kāmādutpādayet sutam ,
sa pārayanneva śavastasmāt pāraśavaḥ smṛtaḥ.
sa pārayanneva śavastasmāt pāraśavaḥ smṛtaḥ.
178.
yam brāhmaṇaḥ tu śūdrāyām kāmāt utpādayeta sutam
saḥ pārayan eva śavaḥ tasmāt pāraśavaḥ smṛtaḥ
saḥ pārayan eva śavaḥ tasmāt pāraśavaḥ smṛtaḥ
178.
yam brāhmaṇaḥ tu kāmāt śūdrāyām sutam utpādayeta
saḥ pārayan eva śavaḥ tasmāt pāraśavaḥ smṛtaḥ
saḥ pārayan eva śavaḥ tasmāt pāraśavaḥ smṛtaḥ
178.
The son whom a Brahmin, out of desire, should beget in a śūdrā woman, he is indeed like a corpse even while living; therefore, he is declared a Pāraśava.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यम् (yam) - whom (the son) (whom, which)
- ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin (a Brahmin, a priest)
- तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)
- शूद्रायाम् (śūdrāyām) - in a śūdrā woman
- कामात् (kāmāt) - out of sexual desire (from desire, out of lust)
- उत्पादयेत (utpādayeta) - should beget (a son) (should produce, should beget)
- सुतम् (sutam) - a son (son)
- सः (saḥ) - he (the son) (he, that)
- पारयन् (pārayan) - even while sustaining (life/existence) (carrying, supporting, nourishing, sustaining)
- एव (eva) - indeed, even (indeed, only, just, even)
- शवः (śavaḥ) - (like) a corpse (corpse, dead body)
- तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)
- पारशवः (pāraśavaḥ) - a Pāraśava (the name for such a son) (son of a Brahmin by a Śūdrā woman)
- स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is declared (to be) (remembered, declared, taught)
Words meanings and morphology
यम् (yam) - whom (the son) (whom, which)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, what, who
Note: Relative pronoun
ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin (a Brahmin, a priest)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a priest, belonging to Brahmā
तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
शूद्रायाम् (śūdrāyām) - in a śūdrā woman
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of śūdrā
śūdrā - a woman of the śūdra caste
कामात् (kāmāt) - out of sexual desire (from desire, out of lust)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of kāma
kāma - desire, wish, love, lust
उत्पादयेत (utpādayeta) - should beget (a son) (should produce, should beget)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of utpādaya
causative
From root 'pad' with prefix 'ud' and 'ā', causative form
Prefixes: ud+ā
Root: pad (class 4)
सुतम् (sutam) - a son (son)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of suta
suta - son, born
Root: sū (class 2)
सः (saḥ) - he (the son) (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Demonstrative pronoun
पारयन् (pārayan) - even while sustaining (life/existence) (carrying, supporting, nourishing, sustaining)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pārayant
pārayant - carrying, supporting, bringing across, nourishing
Present Active Participle
Derived from the causative of root 'pṛ' (to fill, cross) or 'pā' (to protect) with suffix -at
Root: pṛ (class 3)
Note: Functions adverbially, implying 'while living' or 'while sustaining life'.
एव (eva) - indeed, even (indeed, only, just, even)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle
शवः (śavaḥ) - (like) a corpse (corpse, dead body)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śava
śava - corpse, dead body
तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)
(pronoun)
Ablative, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Functions adverbially as 'therefore'.
पारशवः (pāraśavaḥ) - a Pāraśava (the name for such a son) (son of a Brahmin by a Śūdrā woman)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pāraśava
pāraśava - son of a Brāhmaṇa by a Śūdrā, one who carries corpses, despised person
Derived from 'para' (other/alien) and 'śava' (corpse) or 'śūdrā' (Śūdra woman)
Compound type : tatpurusha (para+śava)
- para – other, alien, hostile, highest
adjective - śava – corpse, dead body
noun (masculine)
स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is declared (to be) (remembered, declared, taught)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta
smṛta - remembered, called, declared, taught
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'smṛ' with suffix -ta
Root: smṛ (class 1)
Note: Used with an implied 'is'.