मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-46
न निष्क्रयविसर्गाभ्यां भर्तुर्भार्या विमुच्यते ।
एवं धर्मं विजानीमः प्राक प्रजापतिनिर्मितम ॥४६॥
एवं धर्मं विजानीमः प्राक प्रजापतिनिर्मितम ॥४६॥
46. na niṣkrayavisargābhyāṁ bharturbhāryā vimucyate ,
evaṁ dharmaṁ vijānīmaḥ prāk prajāpatinirmitam.
evaṁ dharmaṁ vijānīmaḥ prāk prajāpatinirmitam.
46.
na niṣkraya visargābhyām bhartuḥ bhāryā vimucyate
evam dharmam vijānīmaḥ prāk prajāpatinirmitam
evam dharmam vijānīmaḥ prāk prajāpatinirmitam
46.
bhāryā bhartuḥ niṣkraya visargābhyām na vimucyate
evam prajāpatinirmitam prāk dharmam vijānīmaḥ
evam prajāpatinirmitam prāk dharmam vijānīmaḥ
46.
A wife is not released from her husband through either sale or abandonment. We understand this to be the intrinsic nature (dharma) of things, established by Prajāpati in ancient times.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not, no, nor
- निष्क्रय (niṣkraya) - sale (as in, through a transaction) (purchase price, ransom)
- विसर्गाभ्याम् (visargābhyām) - by abandonment, by release
- भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - from the husband, of the husband
- भार्या (bhāryā) - wife
- विमुच्यते (vimucyate) - is released, is freed
- एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - the intrinsic nature of marital relations (law, duty, intrinsic nature)
- विजानीमः (vijānīmaḥ) - we know, we understand
- प्राक् (prāk) - formerly, previously
- प्रजापतिनिर्मितम् (prajāpatinirmitam) - created by Prajāpati
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not, no, nor
(indeclinable)
निष्क्रय (niṣkraya) - sale (as in, through a transaction) (purchase price, ransom)
(noun)
masculine, singular of niṣkraya
niṣkraya - purchase, price, ransom, sale
Derived from niṣ + kṛ
Prefix: nis
Root: kṛ (class 1)
Note: Forms a Dvandva compound with visarga, taking dual instrumental ending.
विसर्गाभ्याम् (visargābhyām) - by abandonment, by release
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, dual of visarga
visarga - abandonment, release, discharge, creation
Derived from vi + sṛj
Prefix: vi
Root: sṛj (class 6)
Note: `niṣkraya-visargābhyām` is a Dvandva compound meaning "by (both) sale and abandonment".
भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - from the husband, of the husband
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ
bhartṛ - husband, supporter, master
Agent noun
From root bhṛ (to bear, support)
Root: bhṛ (class 3)
Note: Also possible as genitive, but ablative ('released from') fits context better.
भार्या (bhāryā) - wife
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā
bhāryā - wife (literally 'one to be supported')
Gerundive (P.P.P. of necessity)
Feminine of bhārya (from root bhṛ)
Root: bhṛ (class 3)
Note: Subject of the verb vimucyate.
विमुच्यते (vimucyate) - is released, is freed
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vimuc
Passive voice
Root muc with prefix vi
Prefix: vi
Root: muc (class 6)
एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way
(indeclinable)
धर्मम् (dharmam) - the intrinsic nature of marital relations (law, duty, intrinsic nature)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - law, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, constitution
From root dhṛ (to uphold, support)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Object of vijānīmaḥ.
विजानीमः (vijānīmaḥ) - we know, we understand
(verb)
1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vijñā
Root jñā with prefix vi
Prefix: vi
Root: jñā (class 9)
प्राक् (prāk) - formerly, previously
(indeclinable)
Note: Temporal adverb.
प्रजापतिनिर्मितम् (prajāpatinirmitam) - created by Prajāpati
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of prajāpatinirmita
prajāpatinirmita - created by Prajāpati
Past Passive Participle
Compound (Tatpuruṣa or Bahuvrīhi)
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (prajāpati+nirmita)
- prajāpati – lord of creatures, creator (a specific deity)
proper noun (masculine) - nirmita – created, made, built
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From nir + root mā (to measure, build)
Prefix: nis
Root: mā (class 2)