मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-189
अहार्यं ब्राह्मणद्रव्यं राज्ञा नित्यमिति स्थितिः ।
इतरेषां तु वर्णानां सर्वाभावे हरेन्नृपः ॥१८९॥
इतरेषां तु वर्णानां सर्वाभावे हरेन्नृपः ॥१८९॥
189. ahāryaṁ brāhmaṇadravyaṁ rājñā nityamiti sthitiḥ ,
itareṣāṁ tu varṇānāṁ sarvābhāve harennṛpaḥ.
itareṣāṁ tu varṇānāṁ sarvābhāve harennṛpaḥ.
189.
ahāryam brāhmaṇadravyam rājñā nityam iti sthitiḥ
itareṣām tu varṇānām sarvābhāve haret nṛpaḥ
itareṣām tu varṇānām sarvābhāve haret nṛpaḥ
189.
brāhmaṇadravyam rājñā nityam ahāryam iti sthitiḥ
(asti) tu itareṣām varṇānām sarvābhāve nṛpaḥ haret
(asti) tu itareṣām varṇānām sarvābhāve nṛpaḥ haret
189.
The property of a Brahmin is always inviolable by the king; this is an established custom. But in the absence of any heirs for the other social classes, the king may take their property.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अहार्यम् (ahāryam) - not to be taken, inviolable, not to be carried away
- ब्राह्मणद्रव्यम् (brāhmaṇadravyam) - property of a Brahmin
- राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king
- नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually
- इति (iti) - marks the end of the statement or rule (thus, in this manner)
- स्थितिः (sthitiḥ) - an established and unchangeable rule (established rule, position, custom, state)
- इतरेषाम् (itareṣām) - of the other (social) classes (of others)
- तु (tu) - but, on the other hand
- वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of the other social classes (Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras) (of the classes, of the social orders)
- सर्वाभावे (sarvābhāve) - in the absence of any (other eligible) heirs (in the absence of all)
- हरेत् (haret) - may take possession of (the property) (should take, may seize, should carry off)
- नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler
Words meanings and morphology
अहार्यम् (ahāryam) - not to be taken, inviolable, not to be carried away
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ahārya
ahārya - not to be taken, inviolable, not to be removed
Gerundive
Derived from root hṛ (to take) with suffix ṇya, and a nañ (negative) prefix.
Prefix: a
Root: hṛ (class 1)
ब्राह्मणद्रव्यम् (brāhmaṇadravyam) - property of a Brahmin
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of brāhmaṇadravya
brāhmaṇadravya - property belonging to a Brahmin
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (brāhmaṇa+dravya)
- brāhmaṇa – a Brahmin
noun (masculine) - dravya – substance, thing, property, wealth
noun (neuter)
राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of nitya
nitya - constant, eternal, perpetual, always
Note: Used adverbially here.
इति (iti) - marks the end of the statement or rule (thus, in this manner)
(indeclinable)
स्थितिः (sthitiḥ) - an established and unchangeable rule (established rule, position, custom, state)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of sthiti
sthiti - standing, state, condition, established rule, custom
इतरेषाम् (itareṣām) - of the other (social) classes (of others)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of itara
itara - other, another, different
तु (tu) - but, on the other hand
(indeclinable)
वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of the other social classes (Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras) (of the classes, of the social orders)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of varṇa
varṇa - color, outer appearance, social class, caste
सर्वाभावे (sarvābhāve) - in the absence of any (other eligible) heirs (in the absence of all)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of sarvābhāva
sarvābhāva - absence of all, total non-existence
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+abhāva)
- sarva – all, every
pronoun - abhāva – absence, non-existence
noun (masculine)
हरेत् (haret) - may take possession of (the property) (should take, may seize, should carry off)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of hṛ
Root: hṛ (class 1)
नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa
nṛpa - king, protector of men