मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-248
ब्राह्मणान बाधमानं तु कामादवरवर्णजम ।
हन्याच्चित्रैर्वधोपायैरुद्वेजनकरैर्नृपः ॥२४८॥
हन्याच्चित्रैर्वधोपायैरुद्वेजनकरैर्नृपः ॥२४८॥
248. brāhmaṇān bādhamānaṁ tu kāmādavaravarṇajam ,
hanyāccitrairvadhopāyairudvejanakarairnṛpaḥ.
hanyāccitrairvadhopāyairudvejanakarairnṛpaḥ.
248.
brāhmaṇān bādhamānam tu kāmāt avaravarṇajam
hanyāt citraiḥ vadhopāyaiḥ udvejanakaraiḥ nṛpaḥ
hanyāt citraiḥ vadhopāyaiḥ udvejanakaraiḥ nṛpaḥ
248.
tu nṛpaḥ kāmāt brāhmaṇān bādhamānam avaravarṇajam
citraiḥ udvejanakaraiḥ vadhopāyaiḥ hanyāt
citraiḥ udvejanakaraiḥ vadhopāyaiḥ hanyāt
248.
But the king should kill, with various terrifying methods of execution, a person of a lower social class (varṇa) who harasses brahmins out of desire.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - brahmins
- बाधमानम् (bādhamānam) - harassing, oppressing, tormenting
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
- कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire, out of desire/lust
- अवरवर्णजम् (avaravarṇajam) - one born of a lower (social) class
- हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should kill, might kill
- चित्रैः (citraiḥ) - by various, by diverse, by strange
- वधोपायैः (vadhopāyaiḥ) - by means of killing, by methods of execution
- उद्वेजनकरैः (udvejanakaraiḥ) - by those causing distress, by terrifying ones
- नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler
Words meanings and morphology
ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - brahmins
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - brahmin, a member of the priestly class
बाधमानम् (bādhamānam) - harassing, oppressing, tormenting
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of bādhamāna
bādhamāna - harassing, oppressing, disturbing
Present Active Participle (Atmanepada)
Derived from root bādh (to oppress, harass).
Root: bādh (class 1)
Note: Agrees with avaravarṇajam.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
(indeclinable)
कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire, out of desire/lust
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of kāma
kāma - desire, wish, love, lust
अवरवर्णजम् (avaravarṇajam) - one born of a lower (social) class
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of avaravarṇaja
avaravarṇaja - born of a lower class, belonging to an inferior caste/varṇa
Compound: avara (lower) + varṇa (class) + ja (born).
Compound type : tatpurusha (avara+varṇa+ja)
- avara – lower, inferior, later
adjective (masculine) - varṇa – color, social class, caste, complexion
noun (masculine) - ja – born, produced, arisen from
adjective (masculine)
suffix
Derived from root jan (to be born) with suffix -ja.
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Used as a substantive meaning 'a person born of a lower class'.
हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should kill, might kill
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of han
2nd class Parasmaipada root.
Root: han (class 2)
चित्रैः (citraiḥ) - by various, by diverse, by strange
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of citra
citra - various, diverse, strange, wonderful, bright
Note: Agrees with vadhopāyaiḥ.
वधोपायैः (vadhopāyaiḥ) - by means of killing, by methods of execution
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of vadhopāya
vadhopāya - means of killing, method of execution
Compound of vadha (killing) and upāya (means).
Compound type : tatpurusha (vadha+upāya)
- vadha – killing, slaying, destruction
noun (masculine)
Derived from root han (to kill).
Root: han (class 2) - upāya – means, method, expedient
noun (masculine)
Derived from root i with upasarga upa.
Prefix: upa
Root: i (class 2)
उद्वेजनकरैः (udvejanakaraiḥ) - by those causing distress, by terrifying ones
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of udvejanakara
udvejanakara - causing distress, terrifying, alarming
Compound of udvejana (alarming) and kara (making/causing).
Compound type : tatpurusha (udvejana+kara)
- udvejana – alarming, terrifying, disturbing
noun/verbal noun (neuter)
verbal noun
Derived from root vij (to tremble) with upasarga ud, forming a verbal noun.
Prefix: ud
Root: vij (class 6) - kara – making, causing, performing
adjective/noun (masculine)
agent suffix
Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with agent suffix -a.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Agrees with vadhopāyaiḥ.
नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa
nṛpa - king, ruler (lit. 'protector of men')
Compound of nṛ (man) and pa (protector).