मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-301
कृतं त्रेतायुगं चैव द्वापरं कलिरेव च ।
राज्ञो वृत्तानि सर्वाणि राजा हि युगमुच्यते ॥३०१॥
राज्ञो वृत्तानि सर्वाणि राजा हि युगमुच्यते ॥३०१॥
301. kṛtaṁ tretāyugaṁ caiva dvāparaṁ kalireva ca ,
rājño vṛttāni sarvāṇi rājā hi yugamucyate.
rājño vṛttāni sarvāṇi rājā hi yugamucyate.
301.
kṛtam tretāyugam ca eva dvāparam kaliḥ eva ca
rājñaḥ vṛttāni sarvāṇi rājā hi yugam ucyate
rājñaḥ vṛttāni sarvāṇi rājā hi yugam ucyate
301.
kṛtam tretāyugam ca eva dvāparam kaliḥ eva ca
sarvāṇi rājñaḥ vṛttāni rājā hi yugam ucyate
sarvāṇi rājñaḥ vṛttāni rājā hi yugam ucyate
301.
The Kṛta age, the Tretā age, the Dvāpara age, and indeed the Kali age — all these are the actions of the king. For the king himself is said to be the cosmic age (yuga).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कृतम् (kṛtam) - the Kṛta (or Satya) age (done, made, the Kṛta age (Satya Yuga))
- त्रेतायुगम् (tretāyugam) - the Tretā age, the second cosmic age (the Tretā age)
- च (ca) - and
- एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the preceding word (indeed, only, certainly)
- द्वापरम् (dvāparam) - the Dvāpara age, the third cosmic age (the Dvāpara age)
- कलिः (kaliḥ) - the Kali age, the current cosmic age of strife (the Kali age, dice with one spot)
- एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the preceding word (indeed, only, certainly)
- च (ca) - and
- राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - pertaining to the king (of the king)
- वृत्तानि (vṛttāni) - the behaviors or actions of the king (conducts, actions, deeds, behaviors)
- सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all of these (ages) (all, every)
- राजा (rājā) - the sovereign ruler (king, ruler)
- हि (hi) - certainly, for (indeed, surely, because)
- युगम् (yugam) - a cosmic age (yuga) (age, epoch, cosmic age, yoke)
- उच्यते (ucyate) - is referred to as, is called (he is said, he is called, it is spoken)
Words meanings and morphology
कृतम् (kṛtam) - the Kṛta (or Satya) age (done, made, the Kṛta age (Satya Yuga))
(proper noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta
kṛta - done, made, performed, the Kṛta age (Satya Yuga)
Past Passive Participle
derived from root kṛ, meaning 'done', here used as a proper noun for the first cosmic age
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Refers to the first, golden age.
त्रेतायुगम् (tretāyugam) - the Tretā age, the second cosmic age (the Tretā age)
(proper noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tretāyuga
tretāyuga - Tretā age
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tretā+yuga)
- tretā – the number three, the Tretā age
noun (feminine) - yuga – age, epoch, cosmic age, yoke
noun (neuter)
Note: Refers to the second cosmic age.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the preceding word (indeed, only, certainly)
(indeclinable)
द्वापरम् (dvāparam) - the Dvāpara age, the third cosmic age (the Dvāpara age)
(proper noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dvāpara
dvāpara - Dvāpara age
Note: Refers to the third cosmic age.
कलिः (kaliḥ) - the Kali age, the current cosmic age of strife (the Kali age, dice with one spot)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kali
kali - the Kali age, the age of strife, a die marked with one (the losing throw)
Note: Refers to the fourth, current cosmic age.
एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the preceding word (indeed, only, certainly)
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - pertaining to the king (of the king)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
Note: Possessive, 'of the king'.
वृत्तानि (vṛttāni) - the behaviors or actions of the king (conducts, actions, deeds, behaviors)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of vṛtta
vṛtta - conduct, action, behavior, occurrence, past passive participle of 'vṛt'
Past Passive Participle
derived from root vṛt, meaning 'to exist, to be', here nominalized as 'conduct'
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Acts as the predicate nominative to the listed ages.
सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all of these (ages) (all, every)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole
Note: Agrees with vṛttāni.
राजा (rājā) - the sovereign ruler (king, ruler)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
Note: Subject of ucyate.
हि (hi) - certainly, for (indeed, surely, because)
(indeclinable)
Note: Expresses emphasis or cause.
युगम् (yugam) - a cosmic age (yuga) (age, epoch, cosmic age, yoke)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yuga
yuga - age, epoch, cosmic age, yoke
Note: Predicate nominative to rājā through ucyate.
उच्यते (ucyate) - is referred to as, is called (he is said, he is called, it is spoken)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac
present tense
3rd person singular, passive voice, present indicative mood
Root: vac (class 2)