मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-241
आगःसु ब्राह्मणस्यैव कार्यो मध्यमसाहसः ।
विवास्यो वा भवेद राष्ट्रात सद्रव्यः सपरिच्छदः ॥२४१॥
विवास्यो वा भवेद राष्ट्रात सद्रव्यः सपरिच्छदः ॥२४१॥
241. āgaḥsu brāhmaṇasyaiva kāryo madhyamasāhasaḥ ,
vivāsyo vā bhaved rāṣṭrāt sadravyaḥ saparicchadaḥ.
vivāsyo vā bhaved rāṣṭrāt sadravyaḥ saparicchadaḥ.
241.
āgaḥsu brāhmaṇasya eva kāryaḥ madhyamasāhasaḥ
vivāsyaḥ vā bhavet rāṣṭrāt sadravyaḥ saparicchadaḥ
vivāsyaḥ vā bhavet rāṣṭrāt sadravyaḥ saparicchadaḥ
241.
brāhmaṇasya āgaḥsu eva madhyamasāhasaḥ kāryaḥ vā
saḥ sadravyaḥ saparicchadaḥ rāṣṭrāt vivāsyaḥ bhavet
saḥ sadravyaḥ saparicchadaḥ rāṣṭrāt vivāsyaḥ bhavet
241.
For a Brahmin, in cases of offenses, only the middle fine should be imposed; or he should be banished from the kingdom with his property and retinue.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- आगःसु (āgaḥsu) - in offenses, in crimes, in faults
- ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brahmin, for a Brahmin
- एव (eva) - only (for a Brahmin) (only, indeed, just)
- कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be done, should be imposed
- मध्यमसाहसः (madhyamasāhasaḥ) - the middle fine
- विवास्यः (vivāsyaḥ) - should be banished, to be exiled
- वा (vā) - or
- भवेत् (bhavet) - he should be, it should happen
- राष्ट्रात् (rāṣṭrāt) - from the kingdom, from the country
- सद्रव्यः (sadravyaḥ) - with his property, having wealth
- सपरिच्छदः (saparicchadaḥ) - with his retinue, with his dependents
Words meanings and morphology
आगःसु (āgaḥsu) - in offenses, in crimes, in faults
(noun)
Locative, neuter, plural of āgas
āgas - offense, crime, fault
ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brahmin, for a Brahmin
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, one belonging to the Brahmana class
from brahman + aṇ
एव (eva) - only (for a Brahmin) (only, indeed, just)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphasizes that this rule specifically applies to Brahmins.
कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be done, should be imposed
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kārya
kārya - to be done, to be made, duty, business
Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)
from root kṛ (class 8) + ṇyat suffix
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Refers to the fine being 'done' or 'imposed'.
मध्यमसाहसः (madhyamasāhasaḥ) - the middle fine
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of madhyamasāhasa
madhyamasāhasa - the middle fine, middle daring
compound of madhyama and sāhasa
Compound type : Karma-dhāraya (madhyama+sāhasa)
- madhyama – middle, intermediate
adjective (masculine/neuter)
from madhya + ma - sāhasa – violence, force, enterprise, a fine (in law)
noun (neuter)
from sahas + aṇ
Root: sah (class 1)
Note: Refers to a specific category of legal fines.
विवास्यः (vivāsyaḥ) - should be banished, to be exiled
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vivāsya
vivāsya - to be banished, to be exiled
Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)
from vi-vas (to dwell) + ṇyat suffix (here vivas meaning to cause to not dwell, banish)
Prefix: vi
Root: vas (class 1)
Note: Refers to the brahmin as the one to be banished.
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
भवेत् (bhavet) - he should be, it should happen
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū
Optative (vidhiliṅ), 3rd person singular
root bhū (class 1) + ya + t
Root: bhū (class 1)
राष्ट्रात् (rāṣṭrāt) - from the kingdom, from the country
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra
rāṣṭra - kingdom, country, state
Root: rāj (class 1)
सद्रव्यः (sadravyaḥ) - with his property, having wealth
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sadravya
sadravya - having property, with wealth
compound of sa and dravya
Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (sa+dravya)
- sa – with, together with
indeclinable
prefix - dravya – property, wealth, substance
noun (neuter)
from dru + ya
Root: dru (class 1)
सपरिच्छदः (saparicchadaḥ) - with his retinue, with his dependents
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of saparicchada
saparicchada - with his retinue, with his dependents, with his paraphernalia
compound of sa and paricchada
Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (sa+paricchada)
- sa – with, together with
indeclinable
prefix - paricchada – retinue, dependents, cover, furniture
noun (masculine)
from pari-chad + a
Prefix: pari
Root: chad (class 10)