मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-9, verse-58
ज्येष्ठो यवीयसो भार्यां यवीयान वाऽग्रजस्त्रियम ।
पतितौ भवतो गत्वा नियुक्तावप्यनापदि ॥५८॥
पतितौ भवतो गत्वा नियुक्तावप्यनापदि ॥५८॥
58. jyeṣṭho yavīyaso bhāryāṁ yavīyān vā'grajastriyam ,
patitau bhavato gatvā niyuktāvapyanāpadi.
patitau bhavato gatvā niyuktāvapyanāpadi.
58.
jyeṣṭhaḥ yavīyasaḥ bhāryām yavīyān vā agrajas
striyam patitau bhavataḥ gatvā niyuktau api anāpadi
striyam patitau bhavataḥ gatvā niyuktau api anāpadi
58.
jyeṣṭhaḥ yavīyasaḥ bhāryām gatvā vā yavīyān agrajas
striyam gatvā anāpadi api niyuktau patitau bhavataḥ
striyam gatvā anāpadi api niyuktau patitau bhavataḥ
58.
An elder brother who approaches his younger brother's wife, or a younger brother who approaches his elder brother's wife, both become degraded (patitau), even if they were appointed (niyuktau) for such a purpose, provided there is no state of emergency.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the elder brother (the eldest, the oldest, the best)
- यवीयसः (yavīyasaḥ) - of the younger brother (of the younger, of the inferior)
- भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife (wife, woman to be supported)
- यवीयान् (yavīyān) - the younger brother (the younger, the inferior)
- वा (vā) - or (or, either)
- अग्रजस् (agrajas) - elder brother's (elder brother's, of the first-born)
- स्त्रियम् (striyam) - wife (of the elder brother) (woman, wife)
- पतितौ (patitau) - become degraded (fallen, degraded, impure)
- भवतः (bhavataḥ) - they become (they become, they are)
- गत्वा (gatvā) - having approached (sexually) (having gone, having approached)
- नियुक्तौ (niyuktau) - even if appointed (for niyoga) (appointed, commissioned, engaged (dual))
- अपि (api) - even if (even, also, too)
- अनापदि (anāpadi) - when there is no state of emergency (in a non-calamitous situation, when there is no distress)
Words meanings and morphology
ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the elder brother (the eldest, the oldest, the best)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha
jyeṣṭha - eldest, best, chief, senior
Superlative degree of 'vṛddha' (old), formed with the suffix -iṣṭha.
Note: Refers to the elder brother.
यवीयसः (yavīyasaḥ) - of the younger brother (of the younger, of the inferior)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of yavīyas
yavīyas - younger, inferior, weaker
Comparative degree of 'yuvan' (young), formed with the suffix -īyas.
Note: Refers to the younger brother.
भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife (wife, woman to be supported)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāryā
bhāryā - wife, a woman to be maintained or supported
Gerundive
From root bhṛ (to bear, support) + suffix -ṇya or -ā, meaning 'one who is to be supported'.
Root: bhṛ (class 3)
यवीयान् (yavīyān) - the younger brother (the younger, the inferior)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yavīyas
yavīyas - younger, inferior, weaker
Comparative degree of 'yuvan' (young), formed with the suffix -īyas.
Note: Refers to the younger brother.
वा (vā) - or (or, either)
(indeclinable)
अग्रजस् (agrajas) - elder brother's (elder brother's, of the first-born)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of agraja
agraja - elder brother, first-born
Compound: agra (front, first) + ja (born).
Compound type : tatpurusha (agra+ja)
- agra – front, top, first, tip
noun (neuter) - ja – born, produced from, arising from
adjective (masculine)
Kṛt suffix (Dā-pratyaya)
From root jan (to be born, produce).
Root: jan (class 4)
स्त्रियम् (striyam) - wife (of the elder brother) (woman, wife)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of strī
strī - woman, wife, female
पतितौ (patitau) - become degraded (fallen, degraded, impure)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of patita
patita - fallen, degraded, dropped, outcast
Past Passive Participle
From root pat (to fall) + kta suffix.
Root: pat (class 1)
Note: Acting as a predicate adjective with bhavataḥ (they become).
भवतः (bhavataḥ) - they become (they become, they are)
(verb)
3rd person , dual, active, present (laṭ) of bhū
Root: bhū (class 1)
गत्वा (gatvā) - having approached (sexually) (having gone, having approached)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
From root gam (to go) + ktvā suffix.
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Indicates completing the action of 'going' before the main verb 'bhavataḥ'.
नियुक्तौ (niyuktau) - even if appointed (for niyoga) (appointed, commissioned, engaged (dual))
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of niyukta
niyukta - appointed, commissioned, engaged, enjoined, employed
Past Passive Participle
From root yuj (to join) with prefix ni + kta suffix.
Prefix: ni
Root: yuj (class 7)
Note: Refers to the two brothers (elder and younger).
अपि (api) - even if (even, also, too)
(indeclinable)
अनापदि (anāpadi) - when there is no state of emergency (in a non-calamitous situation, when there is no distress)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of anāpad
anāpad - absence of calamity, freedom from distress, non-emergency
Compound: a (negation) + āpad (calamity, distress).
Compound type : tatpurusha (a+āpad)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - āpad – calamity, distress, misfortune, danger
noun (feminine)
From prefix ā + root pad (to go, fall).
Prefix: ā
Root: pad (class 4)