महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-2, verse-8

येन लिङ्गेन यो देशो युक्तः समुपलक्ष्यते ।
तेनैव नाम्ना तं देशं वाच्यमाहुर्मनीषिणः ॥८॥

8. yena liṅgena yo deśo yuktaḥ samupalakṣyate ,
tenaiva nāmnā taṁ deśaṁ vācyamāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ.

8. yena liṅgena yaḥ deśaḥ yuktaḥ samupalakṣyate
tena eva nāmnā tam deśam vācyam āhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ

8. The wise declare that a place, which is observed to be characterized by a particular distinguishing mark, should be called by that very name.

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by which (by which, by whom)

• लिङ्गेन (liṅgena) - by a distinguishing mark/characteristic (by a mark, by a sign, by a characteristic)

• यः (yaḥ) - which (place) (which, who)

• देशः (deśaḥ) - a place, a region (a place, a region, a country)

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - characterized by, endowed with (joined, endowed with, characterized by, engaged)

• समुपलक्ष्यते (samupalakṣyate) - is observed, is noted (is observed, is noted, is perceived)

• तेन (tena) - by that (name) (by that, by him)

• एव (eva) - very, indeed (indeed, very, only)

• नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name

• तम् (tam) - that (place) (that, him)

• देशम् (deśam) - place, region

• वाच्यम् (vācyam) - should be called/named (to be spoken, to be called, to be named)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare)

• मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise/learned ones (the wise, the intelligent, the learned)

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by which (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

लिङ्गेन (liṅgena) - by a distinguishing mark/characteristic (by a mark, by a sign, by a characteristic)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of liṅga

liṅga - mark, sign, characteristic, gender

यः (yaḥ) - which (place) (which, who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

देशः (deśaḥ) - a place, a region (a place, a region, a country)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - place, region, country

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - characterized by, endowed with (joined, endowed with, characterized by, engaged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, engaged, endowed, proper

past participle

From root yuj + kta

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Refers to deśaḥ

समुपलक्ष्यते (samupalakṣyate) - is observed, is noted (is observed, is noted, is perceived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of lakṣ

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

तेन (tena) - by that (name) (by that, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to name/mark

एव (eva) - very, indeed (indeed, very, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle

नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation

तम् (tam) - that (place) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to deśam

देशम् (deśam) - place, region

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - place, region, country

वाच्यम् (vācyam) - should be called/named (to be spoken, to be called, to be named)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vācya

vācya - to be said, to be spoken, to be named

future passive participle (gerundive)

From root vac + ṇyat

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used impersonally or as predicate adjective with deśam

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (liṭ) of ah

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Perfect tense form used with present meaning

मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise/learned ones (the wise, the intelligent, the learned)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manīṣin

manīṣin - wise, intelligent, learned (noun or adjective)

From manīṣā (intellect)

Note: Subject of āhuḥ