महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-2, verse-226

स वृद्धबालमादाय द्वारवत्यास्ततो जनम् ।
ददर्शापदि कष्टायां गाण्डीवस्य पराभवम् ॥२२६॥

226. sa vṛddhabālamādāya dvāravatyāstato janam ,
dadarśāpadi kaṣṭāyāṁ gāṇḍīvasya parābhavam.

226. saḥ vṛddhabālam ādāya dvāravatyāḥ tataḥ janam
dadarśa āpadi kaṣṭāyām gāṇḍīvasya parābhavam

226. Then, taking the old and young people from Dvaravati, he witnessed the incapacitation of his Gāṇḍīva bow amidst a grievous calamity.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

• वृद्धबालम् (vṛddhabālam) - the old and young (people) (old and young (people))

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken (along) (having taken, having accepted, having seized)

• द्वारवत्याः (dvāravatyāḥ) - from Dvaravati

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that, afterwards)

• जनम् (janam) - people (people, person, creature)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

• आपदि (āpadi) - in a calamity (in calamity, in distress, in misfortune)

• कष्टायाम् (kaṣṭāyām) - in a grievous (calamity) (in a difficult, painful, grievous (situation))

• गाण्डीवस्य (gāṇḍīvasya) - of the Gāṇḍīva bow (of Gandiva (Arjuna's bow))

• पराभवम् (parābhavam) - the impotence / failure (of the bow) (defeat, vanquishment, humiliation, loss of power)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वृद्धबालम् (vṛddhabālam) - the old and young (people) (old and young (people))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛddhabāla

vṛddhabāla - old and young

Dvandva compound

Compound type : dvandva (vṛddha+bāla)

• vṛddha – old, aged, grown, augmented
  adjective
  past participle
  From root vṛdh (to grow)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• bāla – child, young, inexperienced
  noun (masculine)

Note: Here used collectively to mean 'the old and young people'.

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken (along) (having taken, having accepted, having seized)

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

Derived from root 'dā' (to give/take) with prefix 'ā' and '-ya' suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

द्वारवत्याः (dvāravatyāḥ) - from Dvaravati

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of dvāravatī

dvāravatī - Dvaravati (name of Krishna's capital city)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) with suffix -tas.

जनम् (janam) - people (people, person, creature)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - man, person, people, race

From root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect tense, root 'dṛś'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

आपदि (āpadi) - in a calamity (in calamity, in distress, in misfortune)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āpad

āpad - calamity, distress, misfortune

From ā-pad (to fall into)

Root: pad (class 4)

कष्टायाम् (kaṣṭāyām) - in a grievous (calamity) (in a difficult, painful, grievous (situation))

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - difficult, painful, grievous, bad

past participle

From root kaṣ (to torment)

Root: kaṣ (class 1)

गाण्डीवस्य (gāṇḍīvasya) - of the Gāṇḍīva bow (of Gandiva (Arjuna's bow))

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of gāṇḍīva

gāṇḍīva - name of Arjuna's bow

पराभवम् (parābhavam) - the impotence / failure (of the bow) (defeat, vanquishment, humiliation, loss of power)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parābhava

parābhava - defeat, discomfiture, humiliation, loss of power

action noun

From root bhū (to be) with prefix parā.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Represents the bow's inability to perform its function.