महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-2, verse-15

सूत उवाच ।
एको रथो गजश्चैको नराः पञ्च पदातयः ।
त्रयश्च तुरगास्तज्ज्ञैः पत्तिरित्यभिधीयते ॥१५॥

15. sūta uvāca ,
eko ratho gajaścaiko narāḥ pañca padātayaḥ ,
trayaśca turagāstajjñaiḥ pattirityabhidhīyate.

15. sūtaḥ uvāca | ekaḥ rathaḥ gajaḥ ca ekaḥ narāḥ pañca
padātayaḥ | trayaḥ ca turagāḥ tajñaiḥ pattiḥ iti abhidhīyate

15. Sūta replied, "Experts define a 'patti' as one chariot, one elephant, five foot soldiers, and three horses."

Words meanings summery:

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (Ugraśravas, who is speaking) (Sūta (proper name), charioteer, bard)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one (one, a single)

• रथः (rathaḥ) - chariot (chariot, war-chariot)

• गजः (gajaḥ) - elephant

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one (one, a single)

• नराः (narāḥ) - foot soldiers, men (men, people)

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• पदातयः (padātayaḥ) - foot soldiers (foot soldiers, infantry)

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तुरगाः (turagāḥ) - horses

• तज्ञैः (tajñaiḥ) - by experts (by those who know that, by experts)

• पत्तिः (pattiḥ) - a 'patti' (the army unit being defined) (foot soldier, infantry, a division of an army (smallest unit))

• इति (iti) - as, thus (thus, in this manner, as)

• अभिधीयते (abhidhīyate) - is called, is defined (is called, is named, is declared)

Words meanings and morphology

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (Ugraśravas, who is speaking) (Sūta (proper name), charioteer, bard)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, Sūta (a specific caste/name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From root 'vac' (to speak).

एकः (ekaḥ) - one (one, a single)

(numeral)

Note: Refers to 'rathaḥ'.

रथः (rathaḥ) - chariot (chariot, war-chariot)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, war-chariot

गजः (gajaḥ) - elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एकः (ekaḥ) - one (one, a single)

(numeral)

Note: Refers to 'gajaḥ'.

नराः (narāḥ) - foot soldiers, men (men, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human, person

Note: Used here to denote 'foot soldiers' in military context.

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Always plural.

पदातयः (padātayaḥ) - foot soldiers (foot soldiers, infantry)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of padāti

padāti - foot soldier, infantry, pedestrian

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Refers to 'turagāḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

तुरगाः (turagāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of turaga

turaga - horse (literally 'going fast')

compound of tura (speed) + ga (going)

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (tura+ga)

• tura – speed, swiftness
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

तज्ञैः (tajñaiḥ) - by experts (by those who know that, by experts)

(adjective)

masculine, plural of tajña

tajña - knowing that, expert in that, skillful

Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+jña)

• tad – that, it
  pronoun (neuter)
• jña – knowing, conversant with, expert
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used substantively here.

पत्तिः (pattiḥ) - a 'patti' (the army unit being defined) (foot soldier, infantry, a division of an army (smallest unit))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of patti

patti - foot soldier, infantry, a smallest military unit

इति (iti) - as, thus (thus, in this manner, as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle used to indicate a definition or name.

अभिधीयते (abhidhīyate) - is called, is defined (is called, is named, is declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of abhi-dhā

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: From root 'dhā' with prefix 'abhi'.