महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-2, verse-173

अतः परं विचित्रार्थं शल्यपर्व प्रकीर्तितम् ।
हतप्रवीरे सैन्ये तु नेता मद्रेश्वरोऽभवत् ॥१७३॥

173. ataḥ paraṁ vicitrārthaṁ śalyaparva prakīrtitam ,
hatapravīre sainye tu netā madreśvaro'bhavat.

173. ataḥ param vicitrārtham śalyaparva prakīrtitam
hatapravīre sainye tu netā madreśvaraḥ abhavat

173. After this, the Śalya Parva, rich in varied contents, is described. When the army's chief heroes were slain, the King of Madra became its leader.

Words meanings summery:

• अतः (ataḥ) - after this (referring to the preceding Parvas) (after this, hence, thereupon)

• परम् (param) - afterwards, further (in sequence) (afterwards, further, supreme, ultimate)

• विचित्रार्थम् (vicitrārtham) - rich in varied contents (having varied meanings, wonderfully meaningful, with diverse contents)

• शल्यपर्व (śalyaparva) - the Śalya Parva (the chapter/book of Śalya)

• प्रकीर्तितम् (prakīrtitam) - is described (proclaimed, declared, described)

• हतप्रवीरे (hatapravīre) - when the chief heroes had been slain (when the chief warriors are slain, in the army whose chief warriors are slain)

• सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army

• तु (tu) - but, however (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• नेता (netā) - the leader (leader, guide)

• मद्रेश्वरः (madreśvaraḥ) - the King of Madra (Śalya) (lord of Madra, king of Madra)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became (became, was, happened)

Words meanings and morphology

अतः (ataḥ) - after this (referring to the preceding Parvas) (after this, hence, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

परम् (param) - afterwards, further (in sequence) (afterwards, further, supreme, ultimate)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here functioning as an adverb 'afterwards' or 'further'.

विचित्रार्थम् (vicitrārtham) - rich in varied contents (having varied meanings, wonderfully meaningful, with diverse contents)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vicitrārtha

vicitrārtha - having various meanings, of wonderful meaning, having diverse purposes

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (vicitra+artha)

• vicitra – varied, diverse, wonderful, brilliant, strange
  adjective (masculine)
• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth, thing
  noun (masculine)

Note: Accusative singular neuter, modifying 'śalyaparva' implicitly, or acting as an adverb.

शल्यपर्व (śalyaparva) - the Śalya Parva (the chapter/book of Śalya)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śalyaparvan

śalyaparvan - the book of Śalya

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (śalya+parvan)

• śalya – Śalya (name of the King of Madra)
  noun (masculine)
• parvan – knot, joint, section, chapter, festival
  noun (neuter)

Note: Nominative singular neuter, subject of 'prakīrtitam' (is described).

प्रकीर्तितम् (prakīrtitam) - is described (proclaimed, declared, described)

(nominal form)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prakīrtita

prakīrtita - proclaimed, announced, celebrated, described, narrated

past passive participle

From 'pra-' + root 'kīrt' (to mention, praise).

Prefix: pra

Root: kīrt (class 10)

Note: Predicate adjective, implicitly forming a passive verb 'is described'.

हतप्रवीरे (hatapravīre) - when the chief heroes had been slain (when the chief warriors are slain, in the army whose chief warriors are slain)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of hatapravīra

hatapravīra - having its chief heroes slain

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (hata+pravīra)

• hata – slain, killed, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root 'han' (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• pravīra – chief hero, excellent warrior
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vīr (class 10)

Note: Locative singular, describing 'sainye', forming a locative absolute construction 'when the army's chief heroes were slain'.

सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - relating to an army, army, military force

Derived from 'senā' (army).

Note: Locative singular, part of the locative absolute.

तु (tu) - but, however (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

नेता (netā) - the leader (leader, guide)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of netṛ

netṛ - leader, guide, conductor

agent noun

From root 'nī' (to lead).

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, subject of 'abhavat'.

मद्रेश्वरः (madreśvaraḥ) - the King of Madra (Śalya) (lord of Madra, king of Madra)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madreśvara

madreśvara - lord of Madra, king of Madra

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (madra+īśvara)

• madra – Madra (name of a country and its people)
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, king, controller
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 4)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, referring to Śalya.

अभवत् (abhavat) - became (became, was, happened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

finite verb

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)