महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-2, verse-157

शिखण्डिनं पुरस्कृत्य यत्र पार्थो महाधनुः ।
विनिघ्नन्निशितैर्बाणै रथाद्भीष्ममपातयत् ॥१५७॥

157. śikhaṇḍinaṁ puraskṛtya yatra pārtho mahādhanuḥ ,
vinighnanniśitairbāṇai rathādbhīṣmamapātayat.

157. śikhaṇḍinam puraskṛtya yatra pārthaḥ mahādhanuḥ
vinighnan niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ rathāt bhīṣmam apātayat

157. In which Arjuna, the great archer, placing Śikhaṇḍin in front, caused Bhīṣma to fall from his chariot by striking him with sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Śikhaṇḍin (Śikhaṇḍin (a warrior, originally female))

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front (as a shield) (having placed in front, having honored)

• यत्र (yatra) - in which (where, in which)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna

• महाधनुः (mahādhanuḥ) - the great archer (great archer, having a great bow)

• विनिघ्नन् (vinighnan) - striking (striking, hitting)

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by sharp (by sharp, by whetted)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

• रथात् (rathāt) - from his chariot (from the chariot)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma

• अपातयत् (apātayat) - caused to fall (he caused to fall, he threw down)

Words meanings and morphology

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Śikhaṇḍin (Śikhaṇḍin (a warrior, originally female))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Śikhaṇḍin (a character in the Mahābhārata), peacock, one wearing a crest

Note: object of puraskṛtya

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front (as a shield) (having placed in front, having honored)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from root kṛ with puras (meaning 'before, in front')

Prefix: puras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: modifies pārthaḥ

यत्र (yatra) - in which (where, in which)

(indeclinable)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā), a king

derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī)

Note: subject of 'apātayat'

महाधनुः (mahādhanuḥ) - the great archer (great archer, having a great bow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādhanus

mahādhanus - having a great bow, a great archer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahant+dhanus)

• mahant – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• dhanus – bow, archer
  noun (neuter)

Note: agrees with pārthaḥ

विनिघ्नन् (vinighnan) - striking (striking, hitting)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinighnat

vinighnat - striking, killing, smiting

present active participle

present participle of han with vi-ni

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: modifies pārthaḥ

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by sharp (by sharp, by whetted)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen, sharp, resolute

past passive participle

pp. of śo/śā with ni

Prefix: ni

Root: śā (class 4)

Note: agrees with bāṇaiḥ

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: instrument for vinighnan

रथात् (rathāt) - from his chariot (from the chariot)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: source of falling

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a Kuru warrior), terrible, formidable

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: object of 'apātayat'

अपातयत् (apātayat) - caused to fall (he caused to fall, he threw down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pātaya

causative

causative of pat

Root: pat (class 1)