महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-2, verse-199

द्वादशं पर्व निर्दिष्टमेतत्प्राज्ञजनप्रियम् ।
पर्वण्यत्र परिज्ञेयमध्यायानां शतत्रयम् ।
त्रिंशच्चैव तथाध्याया नव चैव तपोधनाः ॥१९९॥

199. dvādaśaṁ parva nirdiṣṭametatprājñajanapriyam ,
parvaṇyatra parijñeyamadhyāyānāṁ śatatrayam ,
triṁśaccaiva tathādhyāyā nava caiva tapodhanāḥ.

199. dvādaśam parva nirdeṣṭam etat
prājñajanapriyam parvaṇi atra parijñeyam
adhyāyānām śatatrayam triṃśat ca eva
tathā adhyāyāḥ nava ca eva tapodhanāḥ

199. This twelfth book, which is cherished by the wise, has been designated. Within this book, one should understand that there are three hundred chapters, and also thirty, and nine more, O ascetics rich in penance.

Words meanings summery:

• द्वादशम् (dvādaśam) - the twelfth (book/section) (twelfth)

• पर्व (parva) - a book or major section of an epic (book, section, joint, knot, festival)

• निर्देष्टम् (nirdeṣṭam) - has been specified or named (indicated, designated, described)

• एतत् (etat) - this (book/section) (this (neuter))

• प्राज्ञजनप्रियम् (prājñajanapriyam) - appealing to or appreciated by the wise (dear to wise people)

• पर्वणि (parvaṇi) - within this particular book (the twelfth) (in the book/section)

• अत्र (atra) - in this context, here (in this book) (here, in this)

• परिज्ञेयम् (parijñeyam) - should be recognized, contains (to be known, to be understood)

• अध्यायानाम् (adhyāyānām) - the number of chapters (of chapters)

• शतत्रयम् (śatatrayam) - a count of 300 (three hundreds, 300)

• त्रिंशत् (triṁśat) - another thirty (chapters) (thirty)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

• तथा (tathā) - and also, similarly (thus, so, in that way, also)

• अध्यायाः (adhyāyāḥ) - sections or divisions (chapters)

• नव (nava) - nine more (chapters) (nine)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

• तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - addressing wise ascetics (O ascetics rich in penance)

Words meanings and morphology

द्वादशम् (dvādaśam) - the twelfth (book/section) (twelfth)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dvādaśa

dvādaśa - twelfth; twelve

Note: Agrees with 'parva'.

पर्व (parva) - a book or major section of an epic (book, section, joint, knot, festival)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parvan

parvan - knot, joint, section, limb, book, chapter, festival

Root: pṛ, pṛṇ (class 3)

निर्देष्टम् (nirdeṣṭam) - has been specified or named (indicated, designated, described)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirdeṣṭa

diś - to point, show, indicate

past passive participle

from 'diś' with 'nis' + -ta suffix, with retroflexion of 's' to 'ṣ' and 'ś' to 'ṭ'.

Prefix: nis

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'parva'.

एतत् (etat) - this (book/section) (this (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, here

Note: Agrees with 'parva'.

प्राज्ञजनप्रियम् (prājñajanapriyam) - appealing to or appreciated by the wise (dear to wise people)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prājñajanapriya

prājñajanapriya - dear to wise people

Compound of 'prājñajana' (wise people) and 'priya' (dear).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prājñajana+priya)

• prājñajana – wise people
  noun (masculine)
  compound of 'prājña' (wise) and 'jana' (people)
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'parva'.

पर्वणि (parvaṇi) - within this particular book (the twelfth) (in the book/section)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of parvan

parvan - knot, joint, section, limb, book, chapter, festival

Root: pṛ, pṛṇ (class 3)

अत्र (atra) - in this context, here (in this book) (here, in this)

(indeclinable)

परिज्ञेयम् (parijñeyam) - should be recognized, contains (to be known, to be understood)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parijñeya

jñā - to know, understand

gerundive (future passive participle)

from 'jñā' with 'pari' + -ya suffix

Prefix: pari

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with implied "chapter count" or general statement.

अध्यायानाम् (adhyāyānām) - the number of chapters (of chapters)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of adhyāya

adhyāya - chapter, section, lesson

action noun

from 'i' (to go) with 'adhi' + -ghañ (āya)

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

शतत्रयम् (śatatrayam) - a count of 300 (three hundreds, 300)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śatatraya

śatatraya - three hundreds

Compound of 'śata' (hundred) and 'traya' (group of three).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śata+traya)

• śata – hundred, a hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• traya – group of three, triad
  noun (neuter)

त्रिंशत् (triṁśat) - another thirty (chapters) (thirty)

(numeral)

Note: Adverbial usage often. Can be nominative singular.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - and also, similarly (thus, so, in that way, also)

(indeclinable)

अध्यायाः (adhyāyāḥ) - sections or divisions (chapters)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adhyāya

adhyāya - chapter, section, lesson

action noun

from 'i' (to go) with 'adhi' + -ghañ (āya)

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

नव (nava) - nine more (chapters) (nine)

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'adhyāyāḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - addressing wise ascetics (O ascetics rich in penance)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of tapodhana

tapodhana - whose wealth is austerity/penance, an ascetic

Compound of 'tapas' (austerity) and 'dhana' (wealth).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – heat, penance, austerity
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)