महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-2, verse-197

शान्तिपर्वणि धर्माश्च व्याख्याताः शरतल्पिकाः ।
राजभिर्वेदितव्या ये सम्यङ्नयबुभुत्सुभिः ॥१९७॥

197. śāntiparvaṇi dharmāśca vyākhyātāḥ śaratalpikāḥ ,
rājabhirveditavyā ye samyaṅnayabubhutsubhiḥ.

197. śāntiparvaṇi dharmāḥ ca vyākhyātāḥ śaratalpikāḥ
rājabhiḥ veditavyā ye samyak nayabubhutsubhiḥ

197. And in the Śānti Parva, the duties (dharmas) were expounded, including those given by Bhīṣma (who lay on a bed of arrows). These are to be known by kings who properly seek to understand political science.

Words meanings summery:

• शान्तिपर्वणि (śāntiparvaṇi) - in the Śānti Parva

• धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - precepts of dharma, moral and political duties (duties, laws, principles of righteousness)

• च (ca) - and, also

• व्याख्याताः (vyākhyātāḥ) - explained, expounded, interpreted

• शरतल्पिकाः (śaratalpikāḥ) - refers to Bhīṣma, who gave discourses while lying on a bed of arrows (those on a bed of arrows)

• राजभिः (rājabhiḥ) - by kings

• वेदितव्या (veditavyā) - to be known, that should be known

• ये (ye) - those (dharmas) (which (masculine plural nominative))

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, completely, truly

• नयबुभुत्सुभिः (nayabubhutsubhiḥ) - by those desirous of knowing polity/policy

Words meanings and morphology

शान्तिपर्वणि (śāntiparvaṇi) - in the Śānti Parva

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śāntiparvan

śāntiparvan - the Book of Peace, a section of the Mahābhārata

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śānti+parvan)

• śānti – peace, tranquility, appeasement
  noun (feminine)
  Root: śam (class 4)
• parvan – section, chapter, book
  noun (neuter)

धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - precepts of dharma, moral and political duties (duties, laws, principles of righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, law, virtue, religious ordinance

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: subject of vyākhyātāḥ

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

व्याख्याताः (vyākhyātāḥ) - explained, expounded, interpreted

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyākhyāta

vyākhyāta - explained, declared, described, expounded

past passive participle

from root khyā (to tell, narrate) with prefixes vi and ā, kta suffix

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: agrees with dharmāḥ

शरतल्पिकाः (śaratalpikāḥ) - refers to Bhīṣma, who gave discourses while lying on a bed of arrows (those on a bed of arrows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śaratalpika

śaratalpika - lying on a bed of arrows; one who is on a bed of arrows (i.e., Bhīṣma)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śara+talpa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṝ (class 9)
• talpa – bed, couch, mattress
  noun (masculine)

Note: agrees with dharmāḥ, indicating 'dharmas from Bhīṣma'.

राजभिः (rājabhiḥ) - by kings

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: agent of veditavyā

वेदितव्या (veditavyā) - to be known, that should be known

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of veditavya

veditavya - to be known, knowable, comprehensible

future passive participle (gerundive)

from root vid (to know) with tavya suffix

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: predicate adjective agreeing with ye (referring to dharmāḥ)

ये (ye) - those (dharmas) (which (masculine plural nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: refers back to dharmāḥ

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, completely, truly

(indeclinable)

from root añc (to go) with sam, kvip suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: añc (class 1)

Note: modifies nayabubhutsubhiḥ / their desire to know

नयबुभुत्सुभिः (nayabubhutsubhiḥ) - by those desirous of knowing polity/policy

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nayabubhutsu

nayabubhutsu - desirous of knowing polity/policy

desiderative

desiderative form of root budh (to know), combined with naya

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (naya+bubhutsu)

• naya – policy, conduct, leading, prudence
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  from root nī (to lead)
  Root: nī (class 1)
• bubhutsu – desirous of knowing, inquisitive
  adjective (masculine)
  desiderative agent noun
  from desiderative stem of budh (to know)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: agent of veditavyā (implied)