महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-2, verse-196

अतः परं शान्तिपर्व द्वादशं बुद्धिवर्धनम् ।
यत्र निर्वेदमापन्नो धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
घातयित्वा पितॄन्भ्रातॄन्पुत्रान्संबन्धिबान्धवान् ॥१९६॥

196. ataḥ paraṁ śāntiparva dvādaśaṁ buddhivardhanam ,
yatra nirvedamāpanno dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
ghātayitvā pitṝnbhrātṝnputrānsaṁbandhibāndhavān.

196. ataḥ param śāntiparva dvādaśam
buddhivardhanam yatra nirvedam āpannaḥ
dharmarājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ghātayitvā
pitṝn bhrātṝn putrān sambandhibāndhavān

196. After this, the twelfth section, the Śānti Parva, which enhances wisdom, follows. In it, King Yudhiṣṭhira, having caused the death of his fathers (elders), brothers, sons, relatives, and kinsmen, became overcome with a sense of detachment.

Words meanings summery:

• अतः (ataḥ) - after this (referring to the previous parva) (therefore, from this, hence)

• परम् (param) - next, following (next, after, beyond, supreme)

• शान्तिपर्व (śāntiparva) - Śānti Parva (Book of Peace)

• द्वादशम् (dvādaśam) - twelfth

• बुद्धिवर्धनम् (buddhivardhanam) - increasing wisdom, wisdom-enhancing

• यत्र (yatra) - in this (Śānti Parva) (where, in which (case/book))

• निर्वेदम् (nirvedam) - a deep sense of detachment or despair (detachment, dispassion, despair, disgust)

• आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - overcome with (detachment/despair) (attained, reached, obtained, afflicted with)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (title given to him) (King of Dharma)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• घातयित्वा (ghātayitvā) - having been instrumental in the killing of (having caused to kill, having killed (causative))

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - revered elders, such as Bhīṣma, Droṇa, etc. (fathers, paternal elders)

• भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - brothers

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - (his own, like Abhimanyu, or of his allies) (sons)

• सम्बन्धिबान्धवान् (sambandhibāndhavān) - relatives and kinsmen

Words meanings and morphology

अतः (ataḥ) - after this (referring to the previous parva) (therefore, from this, hence)

(indeclinable)

परम् (param) - next, following (next, after, beyond, supreme)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of para

para - other, next, distant, supreme, chief

Note: agrees with śāntiparva

शान्तिपर्व (śāntiparva) - Śānti Parva (Book of Peace)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śāntiparvan

śāntiparvan - the Book of Peace, a section of the Mahābhārata

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śānti+parvan)

• śānti – peace, tranquility, appeasement
  noun (feminine)
  Root: śam (class 4)
• parvan – section, chapter, book
  noun (neuter)

Note: subject of implied 'asti'

द्वादशम् (dvādaśam) - twelfth

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dvādaśa

dvādaśa - twelfth

Compound type : dvandva (dvi+daśa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• daśa – ten
  numeral

Note: agrees with śāntiparva

बुद्धिवर्धनम् (buddhivardhanam) - increasing wisdom, wisdom-enhancing

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of buddhivardhana

buddhivardhana - increasing intelligence, enhancing wisdom

agent noun / adjective (nominal compound)

from root vṛdh (to grow, increase) with suffix ana (verbal noun or agent)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (buddhi+vardhana)

• buddhi – intellect, wisdom, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)
• vardhana – increasing, promoting, causing to grow
  adjective (neuter)
  agent noun/causative
  from root vṛdh (causative vardhayati)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: agrees with śāntiparva

यत्र (yatra) - in this (Śānti Parva) (where, in which (case/book))

(indeclinable)

Note: introduces a relative clause

निर्वेदम् (nirvedam) - a deep sense of detachment or despair (detachment, dispassion, despair, disgust)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nirveda

nirveda - cessation of desire, dispassion, indifference, despair, disgust

action noun

from root vid (to know, find) with prefix nir

Prefix: nir

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: object of āpannaḥ

आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - overcome with (detachment/despair) (attained, reached, obtained, afflicted with)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - obtained, reached, fallen into, overcome by

past passive participle

from root pad (to go, fall) with prefix ā, kta suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: agrees with dharmarājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (title given to him) (King of Dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - King of Righteousness, Lord of Justice (an epithet of Yudhiṣṭhira, and Yama)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle (a name, specifically the eldest Pandava brother)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

घातयित्वा (ghātayitvā) - having been instrumental in the killing of (having caused to kill, having killed (causative))

(gerund)

Note: describes action performed by Yudhiṣṭhira before āpannaḥ

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - revered elders, such as Bhīṣma, Droṇa, etc. (fathers, paternal elders)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, elder

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: object of ghātayitvā

भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - brothers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: object of ghātayitvā

पुत्रान् (putrān) - (his own, like Abhimanyu, or of his allies) (sons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Root: put

Note: object of ghātayitvā

सम्बन्धिबान्धवान् (sambandhibāndhavān) - relatives and kinsmen

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sambandhibāndhava

sambandhibāndhava - relatives and kinsmen, friends and relatives

Compound type : dvandva (sambandhin+bāndhava)

• sambandhin – relative, connection, relation
  noun (masculine)
  from root bandh with sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bandh (class 1)
• bāndhava – kinsman, relative, friend
  noun (masculine)

Note: object of ghātayitvā