महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-2, verse-23

एतामक्षौहिणीं प्राहुः संख्यातत्त्वविदो जनाः ।
यां वः कथितवानस्मि विस्तरेण द्विजोत्तमाः ॥२३॥

23. etāmakṣauhiṇīṁ prāhuḥ saṁkhyātattvavido janāḥ ,
yāṁ vaḥ kathitavānasmi vistareṇa dvijottamāḥ.

23. etām akṣauhiṇīm prāhuḥ saṅkhyātattvavidaḥ janāḥ
yām vaḥ kathitavān asmi vistareṇa dvijottamāḥ

23. O best of brahmins, those who know the science of numbers declare this to be an Akshauhini, which I have already explained to you in detail.

Words meanings summery:

• एताम् (etām) - this (Akshauhini) (this, this one)

• अक्षौहिणीम् (akṣauhiṇīm) - the Akshauhini (a specific, large army unit) (a division of an army)

• प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they declare it to be (they say, they declare)

• सङ्ख्यातत्त्वविदः (saṅkhyātattvavidaḥ) - experts in numerical science (knowers of the truth of calculation/numbers)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, persons)

• याम् (yām) - which (Akshauhini) (which)

• वः (vaḥ) - to you (plural) (to you, of you)

• कथितवान् (kathitavān) - I have told (having told, narrated)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail (in detail, extensively)

• द्विजोत्तमाः (dvijottamāḥ) - O best of brahmins (O best of brahmins/twice-born ones)

Words meanings and morphology

एताम् (etām) - this (Akshauhini) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

अक्षौहिणीम् (akṣauhiṇīm) - the Akshauhini (a specific, large army unit) (a division of an army)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of akṣauhiṇī

akṣauhiṇī - an army consisting of 109,350 foot-soldiers, 65,610 horses, 21,870 chariots and 21,870 elephants; a large army division

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they declare it to be (they say, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of pra-√ah

Prefix: pra

Root: √ah (class 2)

सङ्ख्यातत्त्वविदः (saṅkhyātattvavidaḥ) - experts in numerical science (knowers of the truth of calculation/numbers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṅkhyātattvavid

saṅkhyātattvavid - one who knows the truth of numbers/calculations

agent noun

compound ending with -vid (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṅkhyā+tattva+vid)

• saṅkhyā – number, calculation, enumeration
  noun (feminine)
• tattva – truth, reality, principle, essence
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root √vid (to know)
  Root: √vid (class 2)

जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, persons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - man, person, people, creature

Root: √jan (class 4)

याम् (yām) - which (Akshauhini) (which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

वः (vaḥ) - to you (plural) (to you, of you)

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Also used for genitive

कथितवान् (kathitavān) - I have told (having told, narrated)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kathitavat

kathitavat - having told, narrated

past active participle

from √kath (to tell) + -tavat suffix

Root: √kath (class 10)

Note: Used with 'asmi' to form perfect tense

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of √as

Root: √as (class 2)

Note: auxiliary verb

विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail (in detail, extensively)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vistara

vistara - extension, expansion, detail, minuteness

from vi-√stṛ

Root: √stṛ (class 9)

द्विजोत्तमाः (dvijottamāḥ) - O best of brahmins (O best of brahmins/twice-born ones)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of dvijottama

dvijottama - best of the twice-born (brahmins)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born (a brahmin, kshatriya, or vaishya; also a bird, a tooth, a snake)
  noun (masculine)
  from dvi (two) + √jan (to be born)
  Root: √jan (class 4)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent, principal
  adjective (masculine)