महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-2, verse-24

एतया संख्यया ह्यासन्कुरुपाण्डवसेनयोः ।
अक्षौहिण्यो द्विजश्रेष्ठाः पिण्डेनाष्टादशैव ताः ॥२४॥

24. etayā saṁkhyayā hyāsankurupāṇḍavasenayoḥ ,
akṣauhiṇyo dvijaśreṣṭhāḥ piṇḍenāṣṭādaśaiva tāḥ.

24. etayā saṅkhyayā hi āsan kurupāṇḍavasenayoḥ
akṣauhiṇyaḥ dvijaśreṣṭhāḥ piṇḍena aṣṭādaśa eva tāḥ

24. Indeed, O best of brahmins, by this very count, there were Akshauhinīs in the armies of the Kurus and Pandavas. In total, they were exactly eighteen.

Words meanings summery:

• एतया (etayā) - by this (calculation) (by this, with this)

• सङ्ख्यया (saṅkhyayā) - by this calculation (by number, by calculation)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, because)

• आसन् (āsan) - there were (they were, there were)

• कुरुपाण्डवसेनयोः (kurupāṇḍavasenayoḥ) - in the armies of the Kurus and Pandavas (of the armies of Kurus and Pandavas)

• अक्षौहिण्यः (akṣauhiṇyaḥ) - Akshauhini divisions

• द्विजश्रेष्ठाः (dvijaśreṣṭhāḥ) - O best of brahmins (O best of twice-born ones)

• पिण्डेन (piṇḍena) - in total (by lump, by mass, in sum, in total)

• अष्टादश (aṣṭādaśa) - eighteen

• एव (eva) - exactly (indeed, just, only, exactly)

• ताः (tāḥ) - they (the Akshauhinīs) (those, they)

Words meanings and morphology

एतया (etayā) - by this (calculation) (by this, with this)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

सङ्ख्यया (saṅkhyayā) - by this calculation (by number, by calculation)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of saṅkhyā

saṅkhyā - number, calculation, enumeration

हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

आसन् (āsan) - there were (they were, there were)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √as

Root: √as (class 2)

कुरुपाण्डवसेनयोः (kurupāṇḍavasenayoḥ) - in the armies of the Kurus and Pandavas (of the armies of Kurus and Pandavas)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, dual of kurupāṇḍavasenā

kurupāṇḍavasenā - army of Kurus and Pandavas

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (kuru+pāṇḍava+senā)

• kuru – name of an ancient king, his descendants, or his kingdom
  noun (masculine)
• pāṇḍava – descendant of Pāṇḍu, one of the five Pandava brothers
  noun (masculine)
  patronymic from Paṇḍu
• senā – army, host, forces
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to both armies, hence dual

अक्षौहिण्यः (akṣauhiṇyaḥ) - Akshauhini divisions

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of akṣauhiṇī

akṣauhiṇī - an army consisting of 109,350 foot-soldiers, 65,610 horses, 21,870 chariots and 21,870 elephants; a large army division

द्विजश्रेष्ठाः (dvijaśreṣṭhāḥ) - O best of brahmins (O best of twice-born ones)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of dvijaśreṣṭha

dvijaśreṣṭha - best of the twice-born

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+śreṣṭha)

• dvija – twice-born (a brahmin, kshatriya, or vaishya; also a bird, a tooth, a snake)
  noun (masculine)
  from dvi (two) + √jan (to be born)
  Root: √jan (class 4)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, pre-eminent
  adjective (masculine)

पिण्डेन (piṇḍena) - in total (by lump, by mass, in sum, in total)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of piṇḍa

piṇḍa - lump, ball, mass, body, sum total

अष्टादश (aṣṭādaśa) - eighteen

(numeral)

Note: Used as an adjective here

एव (eva) - exactly (indeed, just, only, exactly)

(indeclinable)

ताः (tāḥ) - they (the Akshauhinīs) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it