महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-2, verse-166

सप्तमं भारते पर्व महदेतदुदाहृतम् ।
अत्र ते पृथिवीपालाः प्रायशो निधनं गताः ।
द्रोणपर्वणि ये शूरा निर्दिष्टाः पुरुषर्षभाः ॥१६६॥

166. saptamaṁ bhārate parva mahadetadudāhṛtam ,
atra te pṛthivīpālāḥ prāyaśo nidhanaṁ gatāḥ ,
droṇaparvaṇi ye śūrā nirdiṣṭāḥ puruṣarṣabhāḥ.

166. saptamam bhārate parva mahat etat
udāhṛtam atra te pṛthivīpālāḥ
prāyaśaḥ nidhanam gatāḥ droṇaparvaṇi
ye śūrāḥ nirdiṣṭāḥ puruṣarṣabhāḥ

166. This seventh, great section of the Mahābhārata has been described. In it, most of those kings, the best of men and valiant heroes who are mentioned in the Droṇa Parva, met their demise.

Words meanings summery:

• सप्तमम् (saptamam) - seventh

• भारते (bhārate) - in the (epic called) Mahābhārata (in the Mahābhārata, relating to Bhārata)

• पर्व (parva) - section, chapter, book

• महत् (mahat) - great, large

• एतत् (etat) - this

• उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - described, declared, mentioned

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this (context/parva)

• ते (te) - those

• पृथिवीपालाः (pṛthivīpālāḥ) - kings, protectors of the earth

• प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - mostly, for the most part

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - met their end/demise (death, destruction)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - met (their end) (gone, attained)

• द्रोणपर्वणि (droṇaparvaṇi) - in the Droṇa Parva

• ये (ye) - who, which (plural)

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, valiant ones

• निर्दिष्टाः (nirdiṣṭāḥ) - mentioned, described, indicated

• पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - best of men, foremost among men

Words meanings and morphology

सप्तमम् (saptamam) - seventh

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saptama

saptama - seventh, occurring at the seventh place

ordinal numeral derived from saptan

भारते (bhārate) - in the (epic called) Mahābhārata (in the Mahābhārata, relating to Bhārata)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to India; the Mahābhārata epic

Note: Refers to the great epic.

पर्व (parva) - section, chapter, book

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parvan

parvan - knot, joint, limb; section, chapter, book (of an epic)

महत् (mahat) - great, large

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty, eminent

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one (near the speaker)

उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - described, declared, mentioned

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udāhṛta

udāhṛta - described, declared, spoken of, mentioned, exemplified

past participle

root hṛ (to carry) with ud-ā prefixes + kta (past participle suffix)

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this (context/parva)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

पृथिवीपालाः (pṛthivīpālāḥ) - kings, protectors of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pṛthivīpāla

pṛthivīpāla - protector of the earth, king, monarch

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+pāla)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā

प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - mostly, for the most part

(indeclinable)

निधनम् (nidhanam) - met their end/demise (death, destruction)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, demise, destruction, ruin, end

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā

गताः (gatāḥ) - met (their end) (gone, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, arrived, moved, reached, attained

past participle

root gam (to go) + kta (past participle suffix)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used here with 'nidhanam' (accusative of goal) to mean 'met their death'.

द्रोणपर्वणि (droṇaparvaṇi) - in the Droṇa Parva

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of droṇaparvan

droṇaparvan - the section or book named after Droṇa in the Mahābhārata

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+parvan)

• droṇa – Droṇa
  noun (masculine)
• parvan – section, chapter
  noun (neuter)

ये (ye) - who, which (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what, whatever

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, valiant ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, valiant, brave, mighty

निर्दिष्टाः (nirdiṣṭāḥ) - mentioned, described, indicated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirdiṣṭa

nirdiṣṭa - indicated, pointed out, mentioned, described, ordained

past participle

root diś (to point, indicate) with nir-prefix + kta (past participle suffix)

Prefix: nir

Root: diś (class 6)

पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - best of men, foremost among men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - best among men, eminent man, foremost man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull; chief, best, foremost
  noun (masculine)